Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper reviews the existing research on Sideroxylon mascatense, and provides an argument for being considered a fruit crop in cultivated production systems in the Sultanate of Oman and elsewhere. Climate change due to global warming has adverse effects on the agro-ecosystems of mountain regions in marginal climate zones. For example, in the Western Hajar Mountains of Oman, yields of the temperate fruit crops have decreased in recent years as temperature and other climate anomalies have increased. Other fruit-bearing wild plants have also been impacted by extreme weather fluctuations, particularly those that occupy a narrow altitudinal range. One such plant is S. mascatense, a currently underutilized fruiting plant found growing in the wild all through the Middle East and other arid mountainous regions. Two fruiting types of S. mascatense are found in Oman, both of which are seasonally wild harvested by mountain inhabitants and sold in markets as well as along the roadsides. While some specimens exist in cultivated areas, propagation and new plantings are non-existent. Regeneration in the wild is also in decline in Oman, possibly due to climate change. Increasing S. mascatense populations could be achieved via propagation, as well as commercial cultivation, although further research is needed into cropping systems and best practice methods.
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References
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- Al-Kalbani MS, Price MF, O’Higgins T, Ahmed M, Abahussain A. 2016. Integrated environmental assessment to explore water resources management in Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Sultanate of Oman. Regional Environmental Change. 16:1345–1361.
- Al-Yahyai RA, Al-Nabhani HS. 2008. Botanical Description and Phenological Cycles of Monotheca buxifolia. Acta Horticulturae. 769:247–254.
- Atangana A, Khasa D, Chang S, Degrande A. 2014. Tropical Agroforestry. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media.
- Aziz MA, Adnan M, Khan AH, Shahat AA, Al-Said MS, Ullah R. 2018. Traditional uses of medicinal plants practiced by the indigenous communities at Mohmand Agency, FATA, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 14:1–16.
- Van Breugel P, Friis I, Demissew S. 2016. The transitional semi-evergreen bushland in Ethiopia: Characterization and mapping of its distribution using predictive modelling. Applied Vegetation Science. 19:355–367.
- Brinkmann K, Patzelt A, Schlecht E, Buerkert A. 2011. Use of environmental predictors for vegetation mapping in semi-arid mountain rangelands and the determination of conservation hotspots. Applied Vegetation Science. 14:17–30.
- Burki S, Mehjabeen, Burki ZG, Shah ZA, Imran M, Khan M. 2018. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and in vivo neuropharmacological effect of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) barks extract. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 31:1519–1528.
- El Chami D, Daccache A. 2015. Assessing sustainability of winter wheat production under climate change scenarios in a humid climate — An integrated modelling framework. Agricultural Systems [Internet]. 140:19–25. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2015.08.008
- Dubey S. K., Pandey A., Sangwan RS (Eds. . 2017. Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Foundations of Biotechnology and Bioengineering. Dubey
- Suresh Kumar, Pandey Ashok, Sangwan RS, editors. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
- El-Sheikh MA. 2013. Population structure of woody plants in the arid cloud forests of Dhofar, southern Oman. Acta Botanica Croatica. 72:97–111.
- Al Farsi KAAY, Lupton D, Hitchmough JD, Cameron RWF. 2017. How fast can conifers climb mountains? Investigating the effects of a changing climate on the viability of Juniperus seravschanica within the mountains of Oman, and developing a conservation strategy for this tree species. Journal of Arid Environments [Internet]. 147:40–53. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.07.020
- Gebauer J, Patzelt A, Hammer K, Buerkert A. 2007. First record of Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori in northern Oman, a valuable fruit producing shrub. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 54:1153–1158.
- Ghazanfar SA. 2003. Flora of Oman Vol. 1. Meise: National Botanic Garden of Belgium.
- Ghazanfar SA. 2018. Edible Wild Plants : A Case Study from Oman. In: Ozturk M, Hakeem KR, Ashraf M, Ahmad MSA, editors. Global Perspectives on Underutilized Crops. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; p. 207–216.
- Hassan S, Ahmad B, Khan SU, Linfang H, Anjum SI, Ansari MJ, Rahman K, Ahmad I, Khan WU, Qamar R, et al. 2018. In vivo pharmacological investigation of Monotheca buxifolia and Bosea amherstiana using animal models. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences [Internet]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.10.008
- Hopkins E, Al-Yahyai R. 2015. Landscaping with native plants in Oman. Acta Horticulturae. 1097:181–192.
- Howden SM, Soussana J-F, Tubiello FN, Chhetri N, Dunlop M, Meinke H. 2007. Adapting agriculture to climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [Internet]. 104:19691–19696. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701890104
- Huma Z, Rashid A, Ibrar M, Barkatullah, Hameed I. 2013. Effects of Chemical and Mechanical Scarification Treatments on Germination Rate of Monotheca buxifolia ( Flac ) Seeds. Pakhtunkhwa Journal of Life Science. 01:17–27.
- Jan S, Khan MR. 2016. Protective effects of Monotheca buxifolia fruit on renal toxicity induced by CCl4 in rats. BMC complementary and alternative medicine [Internet]. 16:289. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27530158%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC4988013
- Jan S, Khan MR, Rashid U, Bokhari J. 2013. Assessment of Antioxidant Potential, Total Phenolics and Flavonoids of Different Solvent Fractions of Monotheca Buxifolia Fruit. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives [Internet]. 4:246–254. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.09.003
- Luedeling E, Buerkert A. 2008a. Typology of oases in northern Oman based on Landsat and SRTM imagery and geological survey data. Remote Sensing of Environment [Internet]. [cited 2019 Sep 10]; 112:1181–1195. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0034425707004014
- Luedeling E, Buerkert A. 2008b. Effects of land use changes on the hydrological sustainability of mountain oases in northern Oman. Plant and Soil. 304:1–20.
- Luedeling E, Gebauer J, Buerkert A. 2009. Climate change effects on winter chill for tree crops with chilling requirements on the Arabian Peninsula. Climatic Change. 96:219–237.
- MacLaren CA. 2016. Climate change drives decline of Juniperus seravschanica in Oman. Journal of Arid Environments [Internet]. 128:91–100. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.02.001
- Murad W, Azizullah A, Adnan M, Tariq A, Khan KU, Waheed S, Ahmad A. 2013. Ethnobotanical assessment of plant resources of Banda Daud Shah, District Karak, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine [Internet]. 9:77. Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1746-4269-9-77.pdf%5Cnhttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=4176138&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
- Patzelt A. 2015a. Synopsis of the Flora and Vegetation of Oman, with Special Emphasis on Patterns of Plant Endemism. Braunschweig, Germany: Cramer.
- Patzelt A. 2015b. Photographic Field Guide to the Plants of the Western Hajar Mountains, Sultanate of Oman. Muscat: Sultan Qaboos University Press.
- Swenson U, Anderson AA. 2005. Phylogeny, character evolution, and classification of Sapotaceae (Ericales). Cladistics. 21:101–130.
- Thulin M, Royal Botanic Gardens K. 1993. Flora of Somalia V.3. Kew: Royal Botanical gardens, Kew.
- Ul Haq Z ul, Rashid A, Khan SM, Razzaq A, Al-Yahyai RA, Kamran S, Ali SG, Ali S, Saifullah, Abdullah, Rehman A. 2019. In vitro and in vivo propagation of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. An economical medicinal plant. Acta Ecologica Sinica [Internet].:0–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2019.05.016
- Ul Hassan H, Murad W, Tariq A, Ahmad A. 2014. Ethnoveterinary study of medicinal plants in Malakand Valley, District Dir (Lower), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Irish Veterinary Journal. 67:1–6.
- Ullah A, Qureshi R, Iqbal Z, Rahman IU, Ali N, Shah M, Afzal A, Ijaz F, Ullah S, Raza A, Ahmad M. 2018. Ethnomedicinal flora of Frontier Region Tank, Fata, Pakistan. Acta Ecologica Sinica [Internet]. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1872203218301008
- Ullah I, Khan JA, Iqbal Z, Hannan PA, Nasir F, Muhammad S, Jahan S, Rehman M. 2017. Chemical Composition, Anti-bacterial and Cytotoxic Potential of n-Hexane Soluble Fraction of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc) A. DC. Fruit. National Academy Science Letters. 40:405–408.
- Ullah I, Khan JA, Shahid M, Khan A, Adhikari A, Hannan PA, Javed I, Shakeel F, Farooq U. 2016. Pharmacological screening of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. for antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine [Internet]. 16:273. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27495801%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC4974707
- Zekri S, Mbaga M, Fouzai A, Al-Shaqsi S. 2011. Recreational value of an oasis in Oman. Environmental Management. 48:81–88.
References
Al-Kalbani MS, John C, Martin F. 2015. Recent Trends in Temperature and Precipitation in Al Jabal Al Akhdar,Sultanate of Oman, and the Implications for Future Climate Change. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change. 6.
Al-Kalbani MS, Price MF, O’Higgins T, Ahmed M, Abahussain A. 2016. Integrated environmental assessment to explore water resources management in Al Jabal Al Akhdar, Sultanate of Oman. Regional Environmental Change. 16:1345–1361.
Al-Yahyai RA, Al-Nabhani HS. 2008. Botanical Description and Phenological Cycles of Monotheca buxifolia. Acta Horticulturae. 769:247–254.
Atangana A, Khasa D, Chang S, Degrande A. 2014. Tropical Agroforestry. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media.
Aziz MA, Adnan M, Khan AH, Shahat AA, Al-Said MS, Ullah R. 2018. Traditional uses of medicinal plants practiced by the indigenous communities at Mohmand Agency, FATA, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 14:1–16.
Van Breugel P, Friis I, Demissew S. 2016. The transitional semi-evergreen bushland in Ethiopia: Characterization and mapping of its distribution using predictive modelling. Applied Vegetation Science. 19:355–367.
Brinkmann K, Patzelt A, Schlecht E, Buerkert A. 2011. Use of environmental predictors for vegetation mapping in semi-arid mountain rangelands and the determination of conservation hotspots. Applied Vegetation Science. 14:17–30.
Burki S, Mehjabeen, Burki ZG, Shah ZA, Imran M, Khan M. 2018. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and in vivo neuropharmacological effect of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) barks extract. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. 31:1519–1528.
El Chami D, Daccache A. 2015. Assessing sustainability of winter wheat production under climate change scenarios in a humid climate — An integrated modelling framework. Agricultural Systems [Internet]. 140:19–25. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2015.08.008
Dubey S. K., Pandey A., Sangwan RS (Eds. . 2017. Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Foundations of Biotechnology and Bioengineering. Dubey
Suresh Kumar, Pandey Ashok, Sangwan RS, editors. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
El-Sheikh MA. 2013. Population structure of woody plants in the arid cloud forests of Dhofar, southern Oman. Acta Botanica Croatica. 72:97–111.
Al Farsi KAAY, Lupton D, Hitchmough JD, Cameron RWF. 2017. How fast can conifers climb mountains? Investigating the effects of a changing climate on the viability of Juniperus seravschanica within the mountains of Oman, and developing a conservation strategy for this tree species. Journal of Arid Environments [Internet]. 147:40–53. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2017.07.020
Gebauer J, Patzelt A, Hammer K, Buerkert A. 2007. First record of Grewia tenax (Forssk.) Fiori in northern Oman, a valuable fruit producing shrub. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 54:1153–1158.
Ghazanfar SA. 2003. Flora of Oman Vol. 1. Meise: National Botanic Garden of Belgium.
Ghazanfar SA. 2018. Edible Wild Plants : A Case Study from Oman. In: Ozturk M, Hakeem KR, Ashraf M, Ahmad MSA, editors. Global Perspectives on Underutilized Crops. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; p. 207–216.
Hassan S, Ahmad B, Khan SU, Linfang H, Anjum SI, Ansari MJ, Rahman K, Ahmad I, Khan WU, Qamar R, et al. 2018. In vivo pharmacological investigation of Monotheca buxifolia and Bosea amherstiana using animal models. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences [Internet]. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.10.008
Hopkins E, Al-Yahyai R. 2015. Landscaping with native plants in Oman. Acta Horticulturae. 1097:181–192.
Howden SM, Soussana J-F, Tubiello FN, Chhetri N, Dunlop M, Meinke H. 2007. Adapting agriculture to climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [Internet]. 104:19691–19696. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0701890104
Huma Z, Rashid A, Ibrar M, Barkatullah, Hameed I. 2013. Effects of Chemical and Mechanical Scarification Treatments on Germination Rate of Monotheca buxifolia ( Flac ) Seeds. Pakhtunkhwa Journal of Life Science. 01:17–27.
Jan S, Khan MR. 2016. Protective effects of Monotheca buxifolia fruit on renal toxicity induced by CCl4 in rats. BMC complementary and alternative medicine [Internet]. 16:289. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27530158%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC4988013
Jan S, Khan MR, Rashid U, Bokhari J. 2013. Assessment of Antioxidant Potential, Total Phenolics and Flavonoids of Different Solvent Fractions of Monotheca Buxifolia Fruit. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives [Internet]. 4:246–254. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.09.003
Luedeling E, Buerkert A. 2008a. Typology of oases in northern Oman based on Landsat and SRTM imagery and geological survey data. Remote Sensing of Environment [Internet]. [cited 2019 Sep 10]; 112:1181–1195. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0034425707004014
Luedeling E, Buerkert A. 2008b. Effects of land use changes on the hydrological sustainability of mountain oases in northern Oman. Plant and Soil. 304:1–20.
Luedeling E, Gebauer J, Buerkert A. 2009. Climate change effects on winter chill for tree crops with chilling requirements on the Arabian Peninsula. Climatic Change. 96:219–237.
MacLaren CA. 2016. Climate change drives decline of Juniperus seravschanica in Oman. Journal of Arid Environments [Internet]. 128:91–100. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2016.02.001
Murad W, Azizullah A, Adnan M, Tariq A, Khan KU, Waheed S, Ahmad A. 2013. Ethnobotanical assessment of plant resources of Banda Daud Shah, District Karak, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine [Internet]. 9:77. Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1746-4269-9-77.pdf%5Cnhttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=4176138&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
Patzelt A. 2015a. Synopsis of the Flora and Vegetation of Oman, with Special Emphasis on Patterns of Plant Endemism. Braunschweig, Germany: Cramer.
Patzelt A. 2015b. Photographic Field Guide to the Plants of the Western Hajar Mountains, Sultanate of Oman. Muscat: Sultan Qaboos University Press.
Swenson U, Anderson AA. 2005. Phylogeny, character evolution, and classification of Sapotaceae (Ericales). Cladistics. 21:101–130.
Thulin M, Royal Botanic Gardens K. 1993. Flora of Somalia V.3. Kew: Royal Botanical gardens, Kew.
Ul Haq Z ul, Rashid A, Khan SM, Razzaq A, Al-Yahyai RA, Kamran S, Ali SG, Ali S, Saifullah, Abdullah, Rehman A. 2019. In vitro and in vivo propagation of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. An economical medicinal plant. Acta Ecologica Sinica [Internet].:0–6. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2019.05.016
Ul Hassan H, Murad W, Tariq A, Ahmad A. 2014. Ethnoveterinary study of medicinal plants in Malakand Valley, District Dir (Lower), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Irish Veterinary Journal. 67:1–6.
Ullah A, Qureshi R, Iqbal Z, Rahman IU, Ali N, Shah M, Afzal A, Ijaz F, Ullah S, Raza A, Ahmad M. 2018. Ethnomedicinal flora of Frontier Region Tank, Fata, Pakistan. Acta Ecologica Sinica [Internet]. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1872203218301008
Ullah I, Khan JA, Iqbal Z, Hannan PA, Nasir F, Muhammad S, Jahan S, Rehman M. 2017. Chemical Composition, Anti-bacterial and Cytotoxic Potential of n-Hexane Soluble Fraction of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc) A. DC. Fruit. National Academy Science Letters. 40:405–408.
Ullah I, Khan JA, Shahid M, Khan A, Adhikari A, Hannan PA, Javed I, Shakeel F, Farooq U. 2016. Pharmacological screening of Monotheca buxifolia (Falc.) A. DC. for antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine [Internet]. 16:273. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27495801%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC4974707
Zekri S, Mbaga M, Fouzai A, Al-Shaqsi S. 2011. Recreational value of an oasis in Oman. Environmental Management. 48:81–88.