Main Article Content
Abstract
The dynamics of physical capital stock and net investment in artisanal fisheries of Al-Seeb - a coastal fishing town of Muscat Governorate are examined covering the period 2004-2013 . Data were gathered from two sources namely the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries and field survey. A hedonic regression model is used to examine the influence of boat characteristics on the boat acquisition prices and then to derive the growth rate of physical capital stock. Boat characteristics comprising of ‘age’, ‘horsepower (hp)’ and ‘length (vl)’ are found to be statistically significant at the 5% level and carry sign consistent with the economic theory of depreciation and cost respectively. While inter-annual fluctuation of net investment is observed, a positive trend in cumulative investment with an average growth rate of 7.63% is experienced in the fishery during 2004-2013. A crude assessment of the operating costs and the gross revenue of surveyed boat-owners in 2015 showed that on average monthly economic profit of 570.97±169.36SD OMR was received by individual boat-owner which complements the positive trend in cumulative investment.
These findings have important management and policy implications in relation to the effective management of harvesting capacity as well as attract investment in the fishery. Finally, some limitations of the study are discussed along with the indication of potential future research.
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References
- Ahmed, Mahfuzuddin, Nerissa D. Salayo, K. Kuperan Viswanathan, Len R. Garces, and Michael D. Pido. 2006. “Management of Fishing Capacity and Resource Use Conflicts in Southeast Asia: A Policy Brief.” TWF Center, Malaysia.
- Al Siyabi, Mohammed, and Shekar Bose. 2018. “Capacity Utilization in Small-Scale Fisheries: A Case of the Sultanate of Oman.” Sri Lanka Journal of Aquatic Sciences 23 (2).
- Al-Busaidi, Moza A., David J. Jukes, and Shekar Bose. 2016. “Seafood Safety and Quality: An Analysis of the Supply Chain in the Sultanate of Oman.” Food Control 59: 651–662.
- Anderson, Sean C., Eric J. Ward, Andrew O. Shelton, Milo D. Adkison, Anne H. Beaudreau, Richard E. Brenner, Alan C. Haynie, Jennifer C. Shriver, Jordan T. Watson, and Benjamin C. Williams. 2017. “Benefits and Risks of Diversification for Individual Fishers.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (40): 10797–802. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702506114.
- Bose, S., A. Al-Mazrouai, S. Al-Habsi, I. Al-Busaidi, and A. Al-Nahdi. 2010. “Fisheries and Food Security: The Case of the Sultanate of Oman.” In Proceedings of the International Conference on Food Security in the Arab Countries: New Challenges and Opportunities in the Context of Global Price Volatility, 2–4.
- Bose, Shekar, Farha Al-Kindy, Abdullah Al-Balushi, and Mohammed Maadood Rajab. 2013. “Accounting the Unaccounted: Case of Women’s Participation in Shellfish Harvesting in the Sultanate of Oman.” Gender, Technology and Development 17 (1): 31–53.
- Boyce, John R. 1995. “Optimal Capital Accumulation in a Fishery: A Nonlinear Irreversible Investment Model.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 28 (3): 324–339.
- Breusch, Trevor S., and Adrian R. Pagan. 1979. “A Simple Test for Heteroscedasticity and Random Coefficient Variation.” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1287–1294.
- Burt, Oscar R., and Ronald G. Cummings. 1970. “Production and Investment in Natural Resource Industries.” The American Economic Review 60 (4): 576–590.
- Clark, Colin W., Frank H. Clarke, and Gordon R. Munro. 1979. “The Optimal Exploitation of Renewable Resource Stocks: Problems of Irreversible Investment.” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 25–47.
- Diffey, S., C. Barnes, and A. Palfreman. 2009. “Code of Practice for Financing Investment in the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector.” Sultanate of Oman: Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries.
- Eisenack, Klaus, Heinz Welsch, and J. P. Kropp. 2006. “A Qualitative Dynamical Modelling Approach to Capital Accumulation in Unregulated Fisheries.” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 30 (12): 2613–2636.
- Godfrey, Leslie G. 1978. “Testing for Multiplicative Heteroskedasticity.” Journal of Econometrics 8 (2): 227–236.
- Griliches, Zvi. 1961. “Hedonic Price Indexes for Automobiles: An Econometric of Quality Change.” In The Price Statistics of the Federal Goverment, 173–196. NBER.
- Heck, Simon, Christophe Béné, and Roberto Reyes-Gaskin. 2007. “Investing in African Fisheries: Building Links to the Millennium Development Goals.” Fish and Fisheries 8 (3): 211–226.
- Holmes, L., C. K. Strauss, K. de Vos, and K. Bonzon. 2014. “Towards Investment in Sustainable Fisheries: A Framework for Financing the Transition.” Environmental Defense Fund and The Prince of Wale’s International Sustainability Unit.
- Hulten, Charles R. 1991. “The Measurement of Capital.” Fifty Years of Economic Measurement: The Jubilee of the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, January, 119–58.
- Ikiara, Moses Muriira, and Joop G. Odink. 1999. “Fishermen Resistance to Exit Fisheries.” Marine Resource Economics 14 (3): 199–213.
- Jabri, Omar al-, Ray Collins, Ximing Sun, Shekar Bose, and Rakesh Belwal. 2015. “Measuring Relationship Marketing Effect in Small-Scale Fishing in Oman and Enhancing Efficiency and Economic Gains for Traditional Fishermen.” Marine Fisheries Review, September. http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A488965633/AONE?sid=googlescholar.
- Jarque, Carlos M., and Anil K. Bera. 1980. “Efficient Tests for Normality, Homoscedasticity and Serial Independence of Regression Residuals.” Economics Letters 6 (3): 255–259.
- Jorgenson, Dale W. 1974. “The Economic Theory of Replacement and Depreciation.” In Econometrics and Economic Theory, 189–221. Springer.
- Kendrick, John W. 1961. “Some Theoretical Aspects of Capital Measurement.” The American Economic Review 51 (2): 102–11.
- Kirkley, James, and Squires Dale. 1988. “A Limited Information Approach for Determining Capital Stock and Investment in a Fishery.” Fishery Bulletin 86 (2).
- Kirkley, James, Catherine J. Morrison Paul, and Dale Squires. 2002. “Capacity and Capacity Utilization in Common-Pool Resource Industries.” Environmental and Resource Economics 22 (1–2): 71–97.
- Kirkley, James, and Dale Squires. 1998. “Measuring Capacity and Capacity Utilization in Fisheries.”
- ———. 2003. “Capacity and Capacity Utilization in Fishing Industries.” FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 445. Measuring Capacity in Fisheries.
- Lam, Vicky WY, Ussif Rashid Sumaila, Andrew Dyck, Daniel Pauly, and Reg Watson. 2011. “Construction and First Applications of a Global Cost of Fishing Database.” ICES Journal of Marine Science 68 (9): 1996–2004.
- Le Floc’h, Pascal, Fabienne Daurès, Myriam Nourry, Olivier Thébaud, Muriel Travers, and Sylvie Van Iseghem. 2011. “The Influence of Fiscal Regulations on Investment in Marine Fisheries: A French Case Study.” Fisheries Research 109 (2–3): 257–264.
- Melo Alves Damasio, Ludmila de, Priscila Fabiana Macedo Lopes, Maria Grazia Pennino, Adriana Rosa Carvalho, and Ussif Rashid Sumaila. 2016. “Size Matters: Fishing Less and Yielding More in Smaller-Scale Fisheries.” ICES Journal of Marine Science 73 (6): 1494–1502.
- MNE. 2007. “Long-Term Development Strategy (1996-2020): Vision for Oman’s Economy (Oman 2020).” Ministry of National Economy, National Center for Statistics and Information.
- Nøstbakken, Linda, Olivier Thebaud, and Lars-Christian Sørensen. 2011. “Investment Behaviour and Capacity Adjustment in Fisheries: A Survey of the Literature.” Marine Resource Economics 26 (2): 95–117.
- Pomeroy, Robert S. 2012. “Managing Overcapacity in Small-Scale Fisheries in Southeast Asia.” Marine Policy 36 (2): 520–527.
- Purcell, Steven W., and Robert S. Pomeroy. 2015. “Driving Small-Scale Fisheries in Developing Countries.” Frontiers in Marine Science 2: 44.
- Rosen, Sherwin. 1974. “Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Product Differentiation in Pure Competition.” Journal of Political Economy 82 (1): 34–55.
- Setlur, Banu, and Michael Willis Arbuckle. 2015. “Sustainable Management of the Fisheries Sector in Oman : A Vision for Shared Prosperity.” 110678. The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/901371480601979449/Sustainable-management-of-the-fisheries-sector-in-Oman-a-vision-for-shared-prosperity.
- Squires, Dale. 1988. “Index Numbers and Productivity Measurement in Multispecies Fisheries: An Application to the Pacific Coast Trawl Fleet.”
- Tidd, Alex N., Trevor Hutton, Laurence T. Kell, and Gurpreet Padda. 2011. “Exit and Entry of Fishing Vessels: An Evaluation of Factors Affecting Investment Decisions in the North Sea English Beam Trawl Fleet.” ICES Journal of Marine Science 68 (5): 961–971.
- Usher, Dan. 1980. “Introduction to ‘The Measurement of Capital.’” In The Measurement of Capital, 1–22. NBER Book Series Studies in Income and Wealth. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/chapters/c7163.
- Valeri, Marc. 2015. “Simmering Unrest and Succession Challenges in Oman.”
- Zhang, Dengjun, Marius Sikveland, and Øystein Hermansen. 2018. “Fishing Fleet Capacity and Profitability.” Marine Policy 88: 116–121.
References
Ahmed, Mahfuzuddin, Nerissa D. Salayo, K. Kuperan Viswanathan, Len R. Garces, and Michael D. Pido. 2006. “Management of Fishing Capacity and Resource Use Conflicts in Southeast Asia: A Policy Brief.” TWF Center, Malaysia.
Al Siyabi, Mohammed, and Shekar Bose. 2018. “Capacity Utilization in Small-Scale Fisheries: A Case of the Sultanate of Oman.” Sri Lanka Journal of Aquatic Sciences 23 (2).
Al-Busaidi, Moza A., David J. Jukes, and Shekar Bose. 2016. “Seafood Safety and Quality: An Analysis of the Supply Chain in the Sultanate of Oman.” Food Control 59: 651–662.
Anderson, Sean C., Eric J. Ward, Andrew O. Shelton, Milo D. Adkison, Anne H. Beaudreau, Richard E. Brenner, Alan C. Haynie, Jennifer C. Shriver, Jordan T. Watson, and Benjamin C. Williams. 2017. “Benefits and Risks of Diversification for Individual Fishers.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114 (40): 10797–802. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1702506114.
Bose, S., A. Al-Mazrouai, S. Al-Habsi, I. Al-Busaidi, and A. Al-Nahdi. 2010. “Fisheries and Food Security: The Case of the Sultanate of Oman.” In Proceedings of the International Conference on Food Security in the Arab Countries: New Challenges and Opportunities in the Context of Global Price Volatility, 2–4.
Bose, Shekar, Farha Al-Kindy, Abdullah Al-Balushi, and Mohammed Maadood Rajab. 2013. “Accounting the Unaccounted: Case of Women’s Participation in Shellfish Harvesting in the Sultanate of Oman.” Gender, Technology and Development 17 (1): 31–53.
Boyce, John R. 1995. “Optimal Capital Accumulation in a Fishery: A Nonlinear Irreversible Investment Model.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 28 (3): 324–339.
Breusch, Trevor S., and Adrian R. Pagan. 1979. “A Simple Test for Heteroscedasticity and Random Coefficient Variation.” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 1287–1294.
Burt, Oscar R., and Ronald G. Cummings. 1970. “Production and Investment in Natural Resource Industries.” The American Economic Review 60 (4): 576–590.
Clark, Colin W., Frank H. Clarke, and Gordon R. Munro. 1979. “The Optimal Exploitation of Renewable Resource Stocks: Problems of Irreversible Investment.” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 25–47.
Diffey, S., C. Barnes, and A. Palfreman. 2009. “Code of Practice for Financing Investment in the Small-Scale Fisheries Sector.” Sultanate of Oman: Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries.
Eisenack, Klaus, Heinz Welsch, and J. P. Kropp. 2006. “A Qualitative Dynamical Modelling Approach to Capital Accumulation in Unregulated Fisheries.” Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 30 (12): 2613–2636.
Godfrey, Leslie G. 1978. “Testing for Multiplicative Heteroskedasticity.” Journal of Econometrics 8 (2): 227–236.
Griliches, Zvi. 1961. “Hedonic Price Indexes for Automobiles: An Econometric of Quality Change.” In The Price Statistics of the Federal Goverment, 173–196. NBER.
Heck, Simon, Christophe Béné, and Roberto Reyes-Gaskin. 2007. “Investing in African Fisheries: Building Links to the Millennium Development Goals.” Fish and Fisheries 8 (3): 211–226.
Holmes, L., C. K. Strauss, K. de Vos, and K. Bonzon. 2014. “Towards Investment in Sustainable Fisheries: A Framework for Financing the Transition.” Environmental Defense Fund and The Prince of Wale’s International Sustainability Unit.
Hulten, Charles R. 1991. “The Measurement of Capital.” Fifty Years of Economic Measurement: The Jubilee of the Conference on Research in Income and Wealth, January, 119–58.
Ikiara, Moses Muriira, and Joop G. Odink. 1999. “Fishermen Resistance to Exit Fisheries.” Marine Resource Economics 14 (3): 199–213.
Jabri, Omar al-, Ray Collins, Ximing Sun, Shekar Bose, and Rakesh Belwal. 2015. “Measuring Relationship Marketing Effect in Small-Scale Fishing in Oman and Enhancing Efficiency and Economic Gains for Traditional Fishermen.” Marine Fisheries Review, September. http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A488965633/AONE?sid=googlescholar.
Jarque, Carlos M., and Anil K. Bera. 1980. “Efficient Tests for Normality, Homoscedasticity and Serial Independence of Regression Residuals.” Economics Letters 6 (3): 255–259.
Jorgenson, Dale W. 1974. “The Economic Theory of Replacement and Depreciation.” In Econometrics and Economic Theory, 189–221. Springer.
Kendrick, John W. 1961. “Some Theoretical Aspects of Capital Measurement.” The American Economic Review 51 (2): 102–11.
Kirkley, James, and Squires Dale. 1988. “A Limited Information Approach for Determining Capital Stock and Investment in a Fishery.” Fishery Bulletin 86 (2).
Kirkley, James, Catherine J. Morrison Paul, and Dale Squires. 2002. “Capacity and Capacity Utilization in Common-Pool Resource Industries.” Environmental and Resource Economics 22 (1–2): 71–97.
Kirkley, James, and Dale Squires. 1998. “Measuring Capacity and Capacity Utilization in Fisheries.”
———. 2003. “Capacity and Capacity Utilization in Fishing Industries.” FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 445. Measuring Capacity in Fisheries.
Lam, Vicky WY, Ussif Rashid Sumaila, Andrew Dyck, Daniel Pauly, and Reg Watson. 2011. “Construction and First Applications of a Global Cost of Fishing Database.” ICES Journal of Marine Science 68 (9): 1996–2004.
Le Floc’h, Pascal, Fabienne Daurès, Myriam Nourry, Olivier Thébaud, Muriel Travers, and Sylvie Van Iseghem. 2011. “The Influence of Fiscal Regulations on Investment in Marine Fisheries: A French Case Study.” Fisheries Research 109 (2–3): 257–264.
Melo Alves Damasio, Ludmila de, Priscila Fabiana Macedo Lopes, Maria Grazia Pennino, Adriana Rosa Carvalho, and Ussif Rashid Sumaila. 2016. “Size Matters: Fishing Less and Yielding More in Smaller-Scale Fisheries.” ICES Journal of Marine Science 73 (6): 1494–1502.
MNE. 2007. “Long-Term Development Strategy (1996-2020): Vision for Oman’s Economy (Oman 2020).” Ministry of National Economy, National Center for Statistics and Information.
Nøstbakken, Linda, Olivier Thebaud, and Lars-Christian Sørensen. 2011. “Investment Behaviour and Capacity Adjustment in Fisheries: A Survey of the Literature.” Marine Resource Economics 26 (2): 95–117.
Pomeroy, Robert S. 2012. “Managing Overcapacity in Small-Scale Fisheries in Southeast Asia.” Marine Policy 36 (2): 520–527.
Purcell, Steven W., and Robert S. Pomeroy. 2015. “Driving Small-Scale Fisheries in Developing Countries.” Frontiers in Marine Science 2: 44.
Rosen, Sherwin. 1974. “Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Product Differentiation in Pure Competition.” Journal of Political Economy 82 (1): 34–55.
Setlur, Banu, and Michael Willis Arbuckle. 2015. “Sustainable Management of the Fisheries Sector in Oman : A Vision for Shared Prosperity.” 110678. The World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/901371480601979449/Sustainable-management-of-the-fisheries-sector-in-Oman-a-vision-for-shared-prosperity.
Squires, Dale. 1988. “Index Numbers and Productivity Measurement in Multispecies Fisheries: An Application to the Pacific Coast Trawl Fleet.”
Tidd, Alex N., Trevor Hutton, Laurence T. Kell, and Gurpreet Padda. 2011. “Exit and Entry of Fishing Vessels: An Evaluation of Factors Affecting Investment Decisions in the North Sea English Beam Trawl Fleet.” ICES Journal of Marine Science 68 (5): 961–971.
Usher, Dan. 1980. “Introduction to ‘The Measurement of Capital.’” In The Measurement of Capital, 1–22. NBER Book Series Studies in Income and Wealth. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/chapters/c7163.
Valeri, Marc. 2015. “Simmering Unrest and Succession Challenges in Oman.”
Zhang, Dengjun, Marius Sikveland, and Øystein Hermansen. 2018. “Fishing Fleet Capacity and Profitability.” Marine Policy 88: 116–121.