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Abstract
Oxalis corniculate and Pteropyrum scoparium are two edible wild Omani plants with known preventive effects on various human diseases, yet their therapeutic role in colon cancer was not studied. Azoxymethane (AOM) is a common oxidizing agent that induces colon cancer in experimental animal models. In the current study, we examined the protective effect of Oxalis corniculate and Pteropyrum scoparium leaves extracts against AOM-induced cancer and oxidative stress in rat colon. Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (10 rats/group). The Control group was fed a standard diet; the AOM-treated group was fed a standard diet and received an intraperitoneal injection of AOM at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight for each rat. The other four groups received intragastric intubation of Pteropyrum scoparium or Oxalis corniculate leaves extracts (0.1 mg extract/ 1 mL water/day) in the absence or presence of AOM injection. After 8 weeks, all rats were sacrificed and the colon tissues were dissected for Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF) enumeration of cancer lesions development, and for measurements of glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and DNA oxidative damage. Our results showed that the AOM-injected rats showed a significant increased level of DNA oxidative damage, lower levels of GSH and TAC, and higher ACF as compared to the control group. Oxalis corniculate and Pteropyrum scoparium leaves extracts significantly suppressed the oxidative damage associated with AOM injection and mitigated its carcinogenic effect in rat colon. Both Oxalis corniculate and Pteropyrum scoparium leaves extracts act as potent antioxidants and combat the AOM-associated oxidative stress and colon carcinogenesis. The data from this study suggest that dietary supplementation of these two wild plants might be applied as a therapeutic agent for colon cancer treatment.
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References
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References
Afshari K, Haddadi NS, Haj-Mirzaian A, Farzaei MH, Rohani MM, Akramian F, Naseri R, Sureda A, Ghanaatian N, Abdolghaffari AH. (2019). Natural flavonoids for the prevention of colon cancer: A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies. J Cell Physiol 234(12):21519-21546. doi: 10.1002/jcp.28777.
Al-Attabi Z, AlMamri R, Al AbdAslam K. (2015). Antioxidant potential properties of three Wild Omani plants against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Canad J Clin Nutr (2): 16-22. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14206/canad.j.clin.nutr.2015.02.03.
Divakar MC, Al-Siyabi A, Varghese SS, Rubaie MA. (2016). The Practice of Ethnomedicine in the Northern and Southern Provinces of Oman. Oman Med J (4):245-52. doi: 10.5001/omj.2016.49.
Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265-75.
Monteiro HP, Rodrigues EG, Amorim Reis AKC, Longo LS Jr, Ogata FT, Moretti AIS, da Costa PE, Teodoro ACS, Toledo MS, Stern A. (2019). Nitric oxide and interactions with reactive oxygen species in the development of melanoma, breast, and colon cancer: A redox signalling perspective. Nitric Oxide 89:1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.04.009.
Omara T, Kiprop AK, Ramkat RC, Cherutoi J, Kagoya S, Moraa Nyangena D, Azeze Tebo T, Nteziyaremye P, Nyambura Karanja L, Jepchirchir A, Maiyo A, Jematia Kiptui B, Mbabazi I, Kiwanuka Nakiguli C, Nakabuye BV, Chepkemoi Koske M. (2020). Medicinal Plants Used in Traditional Management of Cancer in Uganda: A Review of Ethnobotanical Surveys, Phytochemistry, and Anticancer Studies. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med (2):3529081. doi: 10.1155/2020/3529081.
Padmanabhan S, Waly MI, Taranikanti V, Guizani N, Ali A, Rahman MS, Al-Attabi Z, Al-Malky RN, Al-Maskari SNM, Al-Ruqaishi BRS, Dong J, Deth RC. (2019). Folate/Vitamin B12 Supplementation Combats Oxidative Stress-Associated Carcinogenesis in a Rat Model of Colon Cancer. Nutr Cancer 71(1):100-110. doi:10.1080/01635581.2018.1513047.
Suresh S, Waly MI, Rahman MS, Guizani N, Al-Kindi MAB, Al-Issaei HKA, Al-Maskari SNM, Al-Ruqaishi BRS, Al-Salami A. Broccoli (Brassica oleracea). (2017). Reduces Oxidative Damage to Pancreatic Tissue and Combats Hyperglycaemia in Diabetic Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 22(4):277-284. doi: 10.3746/pnf.2017.22.4.277.
Waly MI, Al-Ghafri BR, Guizani N, Rahman MS. (2015). Phytonutrient Effects of Date Pit Extract against Azoxymethane--Induced Oxidative Stress in the Rat Colon. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. (8):3473-7.
Waly MI, Al Alawi AA, Al Marhoobi IM, Rahman MSh. Red Seaweed (Hypnea bryodies and Melanothamnus somalensis) Extracts Counteracting Azoxymethane-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016 Dec 1;17(12):5071-5074.
Waly MI, Al-Rawahi AS, Al Riyami M, Al-Kindi MA, Al-Issaei HK, Farooq SA, Al-Alawi A, Rahman MS. (2014). Amelioration of azoxymethane induced-carcinogenesis by reducing oxidative stress in rat colon by natural extracts. BMC Complement Altern Med (14):60. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-60.
Wang J, Seyler BC, Ticktin T, Zeng Y, Ayu K. (2020). An ethnobotanical survey of wild edible plants used by the Yi people of Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2020 (1):10-16. doi:10.1186/s13002-019-0349-5.
World Health Organization report. (2020). WHO report on cancer: setting priorities, investing wisely and providing care for all. ISBN 978-92-4-000129-9 (electronic version). ISBN 978-92-4-000130-5 (print version), page 28-30.