Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS]

A Use of Turmeric (Curcuma longa) in Poultry Nutrition: A Review

Rafea Khulel — Sat, 24 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0400

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a plant used in herbal medicine that has been used to treat many health problems in poultry, as antibacterial, and antifungal, promoting growth and improving the intestinal environment and immunity. The aim of this article was to review the research focused on using turmeric (Curcuma Longa) in rations of broilers and layers on performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters, egg production, and egg quality characteristics. Most research indicated that turmeric addition to broiler rations improved productive traits (i.e. body weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion), increased livability and had insignificant effects on carcass traits (i.e. dressing percentage, carcass cuts percentages), abdominal fat, edible giblets, cooking loss and water holding percentage). There were different results of turmeric addition on blood parameters; some indicated that it had positive effects, and indicated negative effects, while others found insignificant effects on blood characteristics. Most researchers found a decrease in feed consumption when turmeric was added to layer rations, while different results were observed on laying performance and egg quality traits.

Influence of seed pretreated in sodium chloride on the salt tolerance of cherry radish (Raphanus sativus L.).

Idress A. Al Gehani — Sat, 24 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0400

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) seed soaking on seed germination and plant growth of cherry radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under saline conditions. Seeds were pretreated by soaking in NaCl solutions at concentrations of 0, 1500, 3000 and 4500 ppm. The pretreated seeds were divided into two groups: the first group was germinated in Petri dishes, and the second group was sown in pots. Both groups were irrigated with different concentrations of salinity (tap water, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm NaCl). The results indicated that the salinity of the irrigation water decreased the seed germination percentage and leaf chlorophyll content under a salinity level of 3000 ppm. On the other hand, pretreatment of seeds with NaCl solution led to a gradual increase in germination percentage and total chlorophyll content of leaves. Pretreatment with 4500 ppm NaCl gave comparable values to the effect of control treatment under irrigation conditions with 1000 and 2000 ppm salinity. However, pretreatment of seeds with NaCl led to a gradual decrease in germination percentage, reaching 60% under a salinity level of 3000 ppm, and no obvious effect was seen on the leaf chlorophyll contents. Pretreatment of seeds by NaCl solutions increased the root and shoot fresh and dry weights, while shoot and root weight gradually decreased with the increasing salinity of irrigation water and regardless of the effects attributed to seed pretreatment. The increase in irrigation water salinity also led to a decrease in leaf area, and root length and root diameter, as well as root water contents. In contrast, the salinity led to a gradual increase in leaf specific weight, while the value of leaf number and leaf water contents were not affected. Therefore, the increased specific leaf weight as a result of the salinity of the irrigation water gave an indication that soaking the seeds in saline solutions increased the plant tolerance to salinity that lead to better plant growth.

Profitability of Feeding Sun-Dried Poultry Dropping based Diets as Supplement to Goat

Sat, 24 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0400

The profitability of feeding dried poultry droppings-based diet as a supplement in goat production enterprise was analyzed in this present study. The data generated in the study was analyzed using gross margin analysis and profitability ratio. The result of the budgetary analysis showed that the highest total cost of Rs 855.9/goat was incurred, the highest total revenue of Rs 1254.3/goat, highest gross margin of Rs 773.24/goat and highest net farm income of Rs 713.24/goat were observed for the supplemented treatment groups (T2-T5). The profitability ratio gave the best benefit-cost ratio of 4.62, a rate of return of 3.62, a gross ratio of 0.22 and an expense structure ratio of 0.12. This suggests that feeding of dried poultry droppings-based diet to goats is a profitable enterprise. This present study, therefore, recommends the supplementation of sun-dried poultry dropping based diet at 80% inclusion level for maximum profitability of goat production enterprises.

An Assessment of Al Batinah Fishery with Respect to Ecologically Sustainable Development Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Approach

Huda Al Siyabi — Sat, 24 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0400

Globally, sustainable development is considered as a vital need to fisheries sector that integrated both human and environmental well-beings. This issue was recognised by the Omani government therefore, it started to promote the fishery management system by establishing new fisheries development plans and management policies to achieve the sustainable development goals. This study aimed at assessing the progress of Al Batinah fishery towards sustainable development using Ecologically Sustainable Development (ESD) framework and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis approach (MCDA) from 2008 to 2017. A consultation review was conducted to identify all possible components (criteria) of the ESD framework. Progress of each component toward sustainability and sensitivity analysis were conducted to identify strengths and weaknesses of components. Attainment toward sustainability in Al Batinah fishery progressed a positive trend. Scores increased from 50 points (on 100 points scale) in year 2009 to 81 points in year 2016. Specifically, the progress toward sustainability in the human well-being was better. The scores increased from 55 points in year 2009 to 95 points in year 2016 indicating excellent progress. However, the progress toward sustainability in the environmental well-being was minimal. The scores increased from 42 points in year 2008 to only 67 points in the last three years 2015 to 2017 indicating a slow and a below average progress. The results indicated that the year 2016 had the best attainment toward sustainability and the management measures and/or practices adopted in 2016-favoured socio-economic development more than conserving the environment. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that year 2016 was the most preferred year and provided different strengths and weaknesses to improve both human and environmental well-beings and consequently improving the progress toward sustainability. The management authority is therefore advised to adapt conservative measures to promote and protect the environment. In the long-term, such preferences of human well-being over environment might threaten the whole fishery.

Gender Analysis of Practitioners of Broiler Production Management Practices in Delta State, Nigeria

Theophilus Miebi Gbigbi, E-Okoronkwo Chinagorom Pearl — Sat, 24 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0400

Despite women’s substantial participation and productive inputs, their role in broiler production has often being underestimated or ignored by the society. This study was conducted to provide information on the gap that existed on the management technologies observed by the male and female disparity. This study examined gender analysis of broiler production management practices, profitability and constraints. A sample size of 104 respondents was used by the multistage sampling procedure. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The major findings were, the mean age for the males and females were 45 years and 43 years with majority of the females acquiring higher education than the males. The stock size for the male and female practitioners was 185 birds and 327 birds with mean income of ₦122, 880.86 and ₦172, 221.72. There was insufficient access to extension services and credit by the practitioners. The predominant management practices adopted were vaccinated by male (93.2 %) and female (100.0%); feeding practices male (84.7%) and female (100.0%) whereas, biosecurity and waste recycle were least adopted. Respondents’ best reasons for adopting of broiler management practices increased profits of male (96.6%) and female (95.6%). The male and female respondents realized a profit of ₦340, 154.24 and ₦433, 991.01 respectively. The most serious constraint experienced by both was price fluctuation (male = 86.4% and female =80.0%). The results showed relationship between the farming experience, extension access, insurance and bird age and adoption. We concluded that adopting the identified broiler management practices by the practitioners could improve production and income. This study revealed that females performed better than males in the adoption of broiler management technologies. The provision of credit, extension and insurance services and improvement in management practices can address the serious constraints faced by broiler production practitioners.

Potential use of Zataria multiflora essential oil to control postharvest Aspergillus flavus fruit rot of strawberry

Rethinasamy Velazhahan — Sat, 24 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0400

Postharvest fruit rot is a major problem in strawberry production chain worldwide. Aspergillus sp. is one of the major fungi associated with fruit rot of strawberry. In this study, an Aspergillus flavus was isolated from a rotten strawberry fruit. Based on the nucleotide sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of rDNA, the fungus was confirmed as A. flavus. Pathogenicity of the isolated fungus was confirmed by artificially inoculating strawberry fruits under laboratory conditions. This strain was capable of producing aflatoxin B1 in vitro as determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Postharvest dip treatment of mature strawberry fruits with Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZEO) (0.1%) completely suppressed A. flavus infection and prevented rotting of fruits. The results of this study suggest that ZEO can be used as a sustainable and safe alternative to chemical fungicides for the control of Aspergillus fruit rot of strawberry.

Antagonistic bacterial strains isolated from cabbage rhizosphere release antimicrobial volatile organic compounds against Pythium aphanidermatum

Rethinasamy Velazhahan — Sat, 24 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0400

In a previous study, we isolated four antagonistic bacterial strains viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa B1-SQU, Pseudomonas indica B2-SQU, Serratia marcescens B3-SQU and Pseudomonas brenneri B4-SQU from the rhizosphere of cabbage which suppressed damping-off in cabbage caused by Pythium aphanidermatum. In this study, potential of these bacterial isolates to produce antimicrobial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) against P. aphanidermatum was tested. The results of the two-sealed-base-plates assay revealed that all four bacterial strains produced VOCs against P. aphanidermatum with the maximum inhibition with P. brenneri B4-SQU followed by S. marcescens B3-SQU, P. aeruginosa B1-SQU and P. indica B2-SQU. Solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to profile the VOCs of bacteria. A total of 20 VOCs were detected in P. aeruginosa B1-SQU and the major compounds identified were Carbon dioxide, 1-Butanol, 3-methyl- and Disulfide, dimethyl. The main volatile compounds detected in P. indica B2-SQU were 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, Disulfide, dimethyl and 1,2-Propanediamine. Disulfide, dimethyl and 1,2-Propanediamine were the predominant compounds identified in S. marcescens B3-SQU among others. The major compounds detected in P. brenneri B4-SQU were 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, 1,2-Propanediamine and Disulfide, dimethyl. Dimethyl disulfide, a well-known antimicrobial compound, was detected in the volatile profiles of all four antagonistic bacterial isolates. These results suggest that VOCs of antagonistic bacteria may be involved in the suppression of P. aphanidermatum and these antagonistic bacterial strains may be used as biofumigants for controlling damping-off of cucumber.

Abstracts of the First International Conference on Plant Protection (ICPP)

AgrSciEd JAMS — Sat, 24 Jun 2023 00:00:00 +0400

Abstracts of the First International Conference
on Plant Protection (ICPP)