Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper provides measurements of power density around an FM and VHF-TV broadcasting station and its variation with distance. The maximum measured value was about 2.4 mW/cm2 at a height of 2 meters above ground level while the average value was fluctuating around 1 mW/cm2. It was found that the measured power density increases with height above ground and it reaches about 3.5 mW/cm2 at a height of about 15 meters at a location of about 400 meters from the station. At a nearer distance of 185 meters from the tower another measurement was taken at a height of 18 meters, the power density increased to 41 mW/cm2.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- AMEMIYA, Y. 1994. Research on biological and electromagnetic environments in RF and microwave regions in Japan, IEICE Trans. Communications. E77-B: 693-698.
- AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI),1992. Safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency Electro-magnetic fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992, IEEE, New York, USA. Available at http://www.fcc.gov/oet/info/software.
- CENELEC, 1995. Human exposure to electromagnetic fields. High frequency (10 GHz to 300 GHz), ENV 50166-2, Jan.
- CENTRAL HEALTH and EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ADMINISTRATION,1984. Interim health standards and regulations on protecting the general population from the effects of the electromagnetic fields generated by radiotransmitting equipment, USSR Administer of Health, Moscow.
- FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (FCC),1997. Evaluating compliance with FCC guidelines for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields,” OET Bulletin 65.Ed./97-01, Aug.
- FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (FCC),1997. Evaluating Compliance with FCC guidelines for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, Additional information for radio and television broadcast stations, Supplement A (Edition 97-01).
- GAILEY, P.C. and TELL, R.A. 1985. An Engineering Assessment of the Potential Impact of Federal Radiation Protection Guidance on the AM, FM and TV Broadcasting Services, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report No. EPA 520/6-85-011, April 1985 NTIS order No. PB85-245868.
- JOKELA, J., 1988. Theoretical and measured power density in front of VHF/UHF broadcasting towers, Health Physics, 54: 533-543.
- JOKELA, K., 1989. Finnish exposure standards, SSI-report 89-15, Second Nordic Meeting on Non-ionizing Radiation.
- SAHALOS, J.N., VAFIADIS, E.E., SAMARAS, T.S., BABAS, D.G. and KHOUKOURLIS, S.S., 1995. EM field measurements in the vicinity of an antenna park for radiation hazard purposes, IEEE Trans. On Broadcasting, 41: 130-134.
- TELL, R.A., 1978. Measurements of radio-frequency field intensity in buildings with close proximity to broadcast stations, Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation Programs, Report ORP/EAD-78-3.
- TELL, R.A.A., 1976. Measurements of RF intensities in the immediate vicinity of a FM broadcast station antenna, Silver Spring, MD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation Programs, Tech. Note ORP/EAD-76-2.
- TELL, R.H. and MANITPLY, E.D., 1980. Population Exposure to VHF and UHF Broadcast Radiation in the United States, Proceedings of the IEEE, 68: 6-12, Jan.
References
AMEMIYA, Y. 1994. Research on biological and electromagnetic environments in RF and microwave regions in Japan, IEICE Trans. Communications. E77-B: 693-698.
AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI),1992. Safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency Electro-magnetic fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz, ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992, IEEE, New York, USA. Available at http://www.fcc.gov/oet/info/software.
CENELEC, 1995. Human exposure to electromagnetic fields. High frequency (10 GHz to 300 GHz), ENV 50166-2, Jan.
CENTRAL HEALTH and EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ADMINISTRATION,1984. Interim health standards and regulations on protecting the general population from the effects of the electromagnetic fields generated by radiotransmitting equipment, USSR Administer of Health, Moscow.
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (FCC),1997. Evaluating compliance with FCC guidelines for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields,” OET Bulletin 65.Ed./97-01, Aug.
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (FCC),1997. Evaluating Compliance with FCC guidelines for human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields, Additional information for radio and television broadcast stations, Supplement A (Edition 97-01).
GAILEY, P.C. and TELL, R.A. 1985. An Engineering Assessment of the Potential Impact of Federal Radiation Protection Guidance on the AM, FM and TV Broadcasting Services, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report No. EPA 520/6-85-011, April 1985 NTIS order No. PB85-245868.
JOKELA, J., 1988. Theoretical and measured power density in front of VHF/UHF broadcasting towers, Health Physics, 54: 533-543.
JOKELA, K., 1989. Finnish exposure standards, SSI-report 89-15, Second Nordic Meeting on Non-ionizing Radiation.
SAHALOS, J.N., VAFIADIS, E.E., SAMARAS, T.S., BABAS, D.G. and KHOUKOURLIS, S.S., 1995. EM field measurements in the vicinity of an antenna park for radiation hazard purposes, IEEE Trans. On Broadcasting, 41: 130-134.
TELL, R.A., 1978. Measurements of radio-frequency field intensity in buildings with close proximity to broadcast stations, Washington, DC, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation Programs, Report ORP/EAD-78-3.
TELL, R.A.A., 1976. Measurements of RF intensities in the immediate vicinity of a FM broadcast station antenna, Silver Spring, MD, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Radiation Programs, Tech. Note ORP/EAD-76-2.
TELL, R.H. and MANITPLY, E.D., 1980. Population Exposure to VHF and UHF Broadcast Radiation in the United States, Proceedings of the IEEE, 68: 6-12, Jan.