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Abstract
Optical switches and wavelength converters are recognized as two of the most important DWDM system components in future all-optical networks. Optical switches perform the key functions of flexible routing, reconfigurable optical cross-connect (OXC), network protection and restoration, etc. in optical networks. Wavelength Converters are used to shift one incoming wavelength to another outgoing wavelength when this needs to be done. Always residing in optical switches, they can effectively alleviate the blocking probability and help solve contention happening at the output port of switches. The deployment of wavelength converters within optical switches provides robust routing, switching and network management in optical layer, which is critical to the emerging all-optical Internet. However, the high cost of wavelength converters at current stage of manufacturing technology has to be taken into consideration when we design node architectures for an optical network. Our research explores the efficiency of wavelength converters in a long-haul optical network at different degrees of traffic load by running a simulation. Then, we propose a new cost-effective way to optimally design wavelength-convertible switch so as to achieve higher network performance while still keeping the total network cost down. Meanwhile, the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) algorithm used in the research is designed to be a generic one for both large-scale and small-scale traffic. Removing the constraint on the traffic load makes the RWA more adaptive and robust. When this new RWA works in conjunction with a newly introduced concept of wavelength-convertible switches, we shall explore the impact of large-scale traffic on the role of wavelength converter so as to determine the method towards optimal use of wavelength convertible switches for all-optical networks.
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References
- CHLAMTAC, I., GANZ, A. and KAMI, G. 1990. Lightpath Communications: An Approach to High Bandwidth Optical WAN’s. IEEE Trans. on Communications, 40: 1171-1182.
- GARNOT, M., SOTOM, M. and MASETTI, F. 1997. Routing Strategies for Optical Paths in WDM Networks. IEEE International Conference on Communication, pp.422-426.
- INESS, J. and MUKHERJEE, B. 1998. Sparse Wavelength Conversion in Wavelength-Routed WDM Optical Networks. Photonic Network Communication, 1: 183-205.
- LEE, K.C. and LI, V. 1993. A wavelength-Convertible Optical Network. IEEE/OSA J. of Lightwave Technology, 11: 962-970.
- MITCHEM, J. 1995. On Various Algorithms for Estimating the Chromatic Number of Graph. The Computer Journal, 19: 182-183.
- MOKHTAR, A. and AZIZOGLU, M. 1998. Adaptive wavelength routing in All-optical networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking, 6: 197-206.
- MUKHERJEE, B. 1997. Optical Communication Networks, McGraw-Hill.
- MUKHERJEE, B., BANERJEE, D. and RAMAMURTHY, S. 1996. Some Principles for Designing a Wide-Area WDM Optical Network. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 4: 684-696.
- NAAS, N.A. 1999. Towards Optimum Design of Static Wavelength-Routing Optical Wide-Area Packet-Switched Networks. M.Sc(Eng.) Thesis , Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada.
- RAMASWAMI, R., and SIVARAJAN, K. 1995. Routing and Wavelength Assignment in All-Optical Networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 3: 489-500.
- RAVIKUMAR, C.P., RAIN, C. and VERMA, V. 1997. Kautz Graphs as Attractive Logical Topologies in Multi-Hop Lightwave Networks. Computer Communication, 20:1259-1270.
- TORRINGTON-SMITH, N. P. 2000. An Evaluation of Optical Switch Architectures Utilizing Wavelength Converters. Ms. of Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
- YATES, J.M. and RUMSEWICZ, M.P. 1999. Wavelength Converters in Dynamically-Reconfigurable WDM Networks. IEEE Communications Surveys, Second quarter, pp.2-15.
- ZHANG, Z. and ACAMPORA, A. 1995. A Heuristic Wavelength Assignment Algorithm for Multihop WDM Networks with Wavelength Routing and Wavelength Re-use. IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking, 3: 281-288.
References
CHLAMTAC, I., GANZ, A. and KAMI, G. 1990. Lightpath Communications: An Approach to High Bandwidth Optical WAN’s. IEEE Trans. on Communications, 40: 1171-1182.
GARNOT, M., SOTOM, M. and MASETTI, F. 1997. Routing Strategies for Optical Paths in WDM Networks. IEEE International Conference on Communication, pp.422-426.
INESS, J. and MUKHERJEE, B. 1998. Sparse Wavelength Conversion in Wavelength-Routed WDM Optical Networks. Photonic Network Communication, 1: 183-205.
LEE, K.C. and LI, V. 1993. A wavelength-Convertible Optical Network. IEEE/OSA J. of Lightwave Technology, 11: 962-970.
MITCHEM, J. 1995. On Various Algorithms for Estimating the Chromatic Number of Graph. The Computer Journal, 19: 182-183.
MOKHTAR, A. and AZIZOGLU, M. 1998. Adaptive wavelength routing in All-optical networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking, 6: 197-206.
MUKHERJEE, B. 1997. Optical Communication Networks, McGraw-Hill.
MUKHERJEE, B., BANERJEE, D. and RAMAMURTHY, S. 1996. Some Principles for Designing a Wide-Area WDM Optical Network. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 4: 684-696.
NAAS, N.A. 1999. Towards Optimum Design of Static Wavelength-Routing Optical Wide-Area Packet-Switched Networks. M.Sc(Eng.) Thesis , Queen’s University, Ontario, Canada.
RAMASWAMI, R., and SIVARAJAN, K. 1995. Routing and Wavelength Assignment in All-Optical Networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 3: 489-500.
RAVIKUMAR, C.P., RAIN, C. and VERMA, V. 1997. Kautz Graphs as Attractive Logical Topologies in Multi-Hop Lightwave Networks. Computer Communication, 20:1259-1270.
TORRINGTON-SMITH, N. P. 2000. An Evaluation of Optical Switch Architectures Utilizing Wavelength Converters. Ms. of Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
YATES, J.M. and RUMSEWICZ, M.P. 1999. Wavelength Converters in Dynamically-Reconfigurable WDM Networks. IEEE Communications Surveys, Second quarter, pp.2-15.
ZHANG, Z. and ACAMPORA, A. 1995. A Heuristic Wavelength Assignment Algorithm for Multihop WDM Networks with Wavelength Routing and Wavelength Re-use. IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking, 3: 281-288.