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Dec 30, 2018
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Dec 30, 2018
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Abstract

With the recent advances in underwater sensor devices and technologies, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) enable a variety of applications such as underwater exploration and monitoring, disaster prevention, and military surveillance and reconnaissance. However, these kinds of networks faces a number of challenges induced by the nature of the underwater environment and its influence on the physical media. Therefore, new routing protocols are proposed specifically for such networks to mitigate these challenges. This paper surveys some of the recent routing protocols for UWSNs. Specifically, the idea of each protocol is presented as well as its advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the presented protocols are classified into different categories. The paper is concluded with some open research issues.

Keywords

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) Acoustic channels Routing protocols Location-based routing Location-free routing.

Article Details

Author Biographies

Al-Salti Faiza A., College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, PC 123, Al-Khod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman

Department of Computer Science

Al-Zeidi Nasser M., College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, PC 123, Al-Khod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman

Department of Computer Science

Day Khaled, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, PC 123, Al-Khod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman

Department of Computer Science

Arafeh Bassel, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, PC 123, Al-Khod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman

Department of Computer Science

Touzene Abderezak, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, PC 123, Al-Khod, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman

Department of Computer Science

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