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Abstract
Tubers from 7 potato varieties were analyzed for their rates of glycoalkaloid accumulation in response to stresses of three types of mechanical injury and low temperature storage. Mechanical injuries were found to greatly stimulate glycoalkaloid accumulation in both peel and flesh of tubers. The extent of glycoalkaloid accumulation appears to depend on variety, type of mechanical injury, and storage period. Most of the injury-stimulated glycoalkaloid accumulation occurred within 7 and 14 days after treatment. Cutting the tubers resulted in the highest content of glycoalkaloids both in flesh and peel up to levels that exceeded the upper safety limit of 200 mg/kg FW. Injury stimulated α-solanine accumulation in stored potato tubers is more than α-chaconine, resulting in a decrease in the α-chaconine: α-solanine ratio. When tubers were stored at low temperature, the rate of glycoalkaloid accumulation was found to be independent of the glycoalkaloid level at harvest. The greatest increase in total glycoalkaloid content of the seven varieties was found after two weeks of storage at both 4 ºC and 10 ºC. Further storage at these temperatures resulted in a decrease in the rate of glycoalkaloid accumulation in most of them. At 10 ºC glycoalkaloid content tended to increase more rapidly than at 4 ºC. The α-solanine content of the tubers showed an increase following low temperature storage.
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References
- AHMED, S.S., and MULLER, K. 1978. Effect of wound-damages on the glycoalkaloid content in potato tubers and chips. Lebensm.-Wiss. u.-Technol. 11: 144-146.
- DALE, M.F.B., GRIFFITHS, D.W. and BAIN, H. 1998. Effect of bruising on the total glycoalkaloid and chlorogenic acid content of potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers of five cultivars. J. Sci. Food Agric. 77: 499-505.
- FEWELL, A.M., and RODDICK, J.G. 1993. Interactive antifungal activity of the glycoalkaloids α-solanine and α-chaconine. Phytochemistry. 33: 323-328.
- FRIEDMAN, L., and MCDONALD, G.M. 1997. Potato glycoalkaloids: Chemistry, analysis, safety, and plant physiology. Crit. Rev. in Plant Sci. 16: 55-132.
- GREGORY, P. 1984. Glycoalkaloid composition of potatoes: diversity and biological implications. Am. Potato J. 61: 115-122.
- GRIFFITHS, D.W., BAIN, H. and DALE, M.F.B. 1997. The effect of low temperature storage on the glycoalkaloid content of potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers. J. Sci. Food. Agric. 74: 301-307.
- GRIFFITHS, D.W., DALE, M.F.B. and BAIN, H. 1994. The effect of cultivar, maturity and storage on photo-induced changes in the total glycoalkaloid and chlorophyll contents of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Plant Sci. 98: 103-109.
- HELLENAS, K.E., BRANZELL, C., JOHNSSON, H. and SLANINA, P. 1995. High levels of glycoalkaloids in the established Swedish potato variety Magnum Bonum. J Sci. Food Aric. 68: 249-255.
- KHAN, I.A., DEADMAN, M.L. and Al-HABSI, K.A. 2001. Screening potato varieties for cultivation in arid regions: Effect of planting date on emergence of imported and locally produced seed. SQU J. Sci. Res.-Agricultural Sciences. 6: 41-46.
- KHAN, I.A, DEADMAN, M.L. and Al-HABSI, K.A. 2002. Screening potato varieties for cultivation in arid regions: Effect of planting dates on yield potential. SQU J. Sci. Res.-Agricultural Sciences. 7: 53-57
- MAGA, J.A. 1994. Glycoalkaloids in Solanaceae. Food Reviews International. 10: 385-418.
- MORRIS, S.C., and LEE, T.H. 1984. The toxicity and teratogenicity of Solanaceae glycoalkaloids, particularly those of the potato (Solanum tuberosum). Food Technol. Australia. 36: 118-124.
- OLSSON, K. 1986. The influence of genotype on the effects of impact damage on the accumulation of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers. Potato Res. 29: 1-12.
- PERCIVAL, G. 1999a. Light-induced glycoalkaloid accumulation of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.). J. Sci. Food. Agric. 79: 1305-1310.
- PERCIVAL, G. 1999b. The Influence of light upon glycoalkaloid and chlorophyll accumulation in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.). Plant Science. 145: 99-107.
- PERCIVAL, G.C., and DIXON, G.R. 1994. Glycoalkaloid concentration of potato tubers following continuous illumination. J. Sci. Food. Agric. 66: 139-144.
- RODDICK, J.G. 1989. The acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory activity of steroidal glycoalkaloids and their aglycones. Phytochemistry. 28: 2631-2634.
- RODDICK, J.G. 1996. Steroidal glycoalkaloids: nature and consequences of bioactivity. P. 277-295. In: Waller and Yamasaki. Saponins used in traditional and modern medicine. Plenum Press. New York.
- SINDEN, S.L., and WEBB, R.E. 1972. Effect of variety and location on the glycoalkaloid content of potatoes. Am. Potato J. 49: 334-338.
- SMITH, D.B., RODDICK, J.G. and JONES, J.L. 1996. Potato glycoalkaloids: some unanswered questions. Trends in Food Science and Technology. 7: 126-131.
- SOTELO, A., and SERRANO, B. 2000. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the glycoalkaloids α-solanine and α-chaconine in 12 commercial varieties of Mexican potato. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 2472-2475.
- VAN GELDER, W.M.J. 1990. Chemistry, toxicology, and occurrence of steroidal glycoalkaloids: potential contaminants of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). In: Poisonous Plants Contaminating Edible Plants. Rizc, A-F. M., Ed. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 1990, 117-156.
- WU, M.T., and SALUNKHE, D.K. 1976. Changes in glycoalkaloid content following mechanical injuries to potato tubers. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 101: 329-331.
References
AHMED, S.S., and MULLER, K. 1978. Effect of wound-damages on the glycoalkaloid content in potato tubers and chips. Lebensm.-Wiss. u.-Technol. 11: 144-146.
DALE, M.F.B., GRIFFITHS, D.W. and BAIN, H. 1998. Effect of bruising on the total glycoalkaloid and chlorogenic acid content of potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers of five cultivars. J. Sci. Food Agric. 77: 499-505.
FEWELL, A.M., and RODDICK, J.G. 1993. Interactive antifungal activity of the glycoalkaloids α-solanine and α-chaconine. Phytochemistry. 33: 323-328.
FRIEDMAN, L., and MCDONALD, G.M. 1997. Potato glycoalkaloids: Chemistry, analysis, safety, and plant physiology. Crit. Rev. in Plant Sci. 16: 55-132.
GREGORY, P. 1984. Glycoalkaloid composition of potatoes: diversity and biological implications. Am. Potato J. 61: 115-122.
GRIFFITHS, D.W., BAIN, H. and DALE, M.F.B. 1997. The effect of low temperature storage on the glycoalkaloid content of potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers. J. Sci. Food. Agric. 74: 301-307.
GRIFFITHS, D.W., DALE, M.F.B. and BAIN, H. 1994. The effect of cultivar, maturity and storage on photo-induced changes in the total glycoalkaloid and chlorophyll contents of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). Plant Sci. 98: 103-109.
HELLENAS, K.E., BRANZELL, C., JOHNSSON, H. and SLANINA, P. 1995. High levels of glycoalkaloids in the established Swedish potato variety Magnum Bonum. J Sci. Food Aric. 68: 249-255.
KHAN, I.A., DEADMAN, M.L. and Al-HABSI, K.A. 2001. Screening potato varieties for cultivation in arid regions: Effect of planting date on emergence of imported and locally produced seed. SQU J. Sci. Res.-Agricultural Sciences. 6: 41-46.
KHAN, I.A, DEADMAN, M.L. and Al-HABSI, K.A. 2002. Screening potato varieties for cultivation in arid regions: Effect of planting dates on yield potential. SQU J. Sci. Res.-Agricultural Sciences. 7: 53-57
MAGA, J.A. 1994. Glycoalkaloids in Solanaceae. Food Reviews International. 10: 385-418.
MORRIS, S.C., and LEE, T.H. 1984. The toxicity and teratogenicity of Solanaceae glycoalkaloids, particularly those of the potato (Solanum tuberosum). Food Technol. Australia. 36: 118-124.
OLSSON, K. 1986. The influence of genotype on the effects of impact damage on the accumulation of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers. Potato Res. 29: 1-12.
PERCIVAL, G. 1999a. Light-induced glycoalkaloid accumulation of potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.). J. Sci. Food. Agric. 79: 1305-1310.
PERCIVAL, G. 1999b. The Influence of light upon glycoalkaloid and chlorophyll accumulation in potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L.). Plant Science. 145: 99-107.
PERCIVAL, G.C., and DIXON, G.R. 1994. Glycoalkaloid concentration of potato tubers following continuous illumination. J. Sci. Food. Agric. 66: 139-144.
RODDICK, J.G. 1989. The acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory activity of steroidal glycoalkaloids and their aglycones. Phytochemistry. 28: 2631-2634.
RODDICK, J.G. 1996. Steroidal glycoalkaloids: nature and consequences of bioactivity. P. 277-295. In: Waller and Yamasaki. Saponins used in traditional and modern medicine. Plenum Press. New York.
SINDEN, S.L., and WEBB, R.E. 1972. Effect of variety and location on the glycoalkaloid content of potatoes. Am. Potato J. 49: 334-338.
SMITH, D.B., RODDICK, J.G. and JONES, J.L. 1996. Potato glycoalkaloids: some unanswered questions. Trends in Food Science and Technology. 7: 126-131.
SOTELO, A., and SERRANO, B. 2000. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the glycoalkaloids α-solanine and α-chaconine in 12 commercial varieties of Mexican potato. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 2472-2475.
VAN GELDER, W.M.J. 1990. Chemistry, toxicology, and occurrence of steroidal glycoalkaloids: potential contaminants of the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). In: Poisonous Plants Contaminating Edible Plants. Rizc, A-F. M., Ed. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 1990, 117-156.
WU, M.T., and SALUNKHE, D.K. 1976. Changes in glycoalkaloid content following mechanical injuries to potato tubers. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 101: 329-331.