Main Article Content
Abstract
The Hartley transform, as in the case of the Fourier transform, is not suitably applicable to non-stationary representations of signals whose statistical properties change as a function of time. Hence, different versions of 2-D short time Hartley transforms (STHT) are given in comparison with the short time Fourier transform (STFT). Although the two different versions of STHT defined here with their inverses are equally applicable, one of them is mathematically incorrect/incompatible due to the incorrect definition of the 2-D Hartley transform in literature. These definitions of STHTs can easily be extended to multi-dimensions. Computations of the STFT and the two versions of STHTs are illustrated based on 32 channels (traces) of synthetic seismic data consisting of 256 samples in each trace. Salient features of STHTs are incorporated.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Tukey, J.W. The sampling theory of power spectrum estimates. Paper presented at the Symposium on applications of autocorrelation analysis to physical problems, 1949.
- Cooley, J.W. and Tukey, J.W. An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series. Mathematics of computation., 1965, 19(90), 297-301.
- Brigham, E. The fast Fourier transform. Englewood Cliffs, 1974.
- Gabor, D. Theory of communication. Part 1: The analysis of information. Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers - Part III: Radio and Communication Engineering, 1946, 93(26), 429-441.
- Allen, J.B. and Rabiner, L. A unified approach to short-time Fourier analysis and synthesis. Proceedings of the IEEE., 1977, 65(11), 1558-1564.
- Cohen, L. Time-frequency analysis. Prentice Hall PTR Englewood Cliffs, NJ., 1995, 1, 995,299.
- Sundararajan, N. Fourier and Hartley transforms-a mathematical twin. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 1997, 28, 1361-1366.
- Bracewell, R.N. Discrete Hartley transform. JOSA., 1983,73(12), 1832-1835.
- Bracewell, R.N. Aspects of the Hartley transform. Proceedings of the IEEE., 1994, 82(3), 381-387.
- Villasenor, J. and Bracewell, R. Optical phase obtained by analogue Hartley transformation, Nature, 1987, 330(6150), 735-737.
- Villasenor, J. and Bracewell, R. Lensless microwave imaging using the Hartley transform. 1988, 617-619.
- Sundararajan, N. 2-D Hartley transforms. Geophysics, 1995, 60(1), 262-267.
- Sundararajan, N. and Vijayachitra, S. Multidimensional Fourier and Hartley transforms-are they same?, IETE J RES, 2000, 46(3), 125-127.
- Liu, J.C. and Lin, T. Short-time Hartley transform. Radar and Signal Processing, IEE Proceedings F, 1993, 140(3), 171-174.
- Chui, C. K. An Introduction to Wavelets analysis and its applications. Academic, San Diego, 1992.
- Zhao, Z., Xu, J. and Horiuchi, S. Differentiation operation in the wave equation for the pseudospectral method with a staggered mesh. Earth, planets and space, 2001, 53(5), 327-332.
- Perkins, M. G. A separable Hartley-like transform in two or more dimensions. Proceedings of the IEEE., 1987, 75(8), 1127-1129.
- Duhamel, P. and Vetterli, M. Improved Fourier and Hartley transform algorithms: Application to cyclic convolution of real data. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing,1987, 35(6), 818-824.
- Sundararajan, N. and Vasudha, N. Genesis of Wavelet transform types and applications. Wavelets and Fractals in Earth System Sciences, 2013, 93-116.
References
Tukey, J.W. The sampling theory of power spectrum estimates. Paper presented at the Symposium on applications of autocorrelation analysis to physical problems, 1949.
Cooley, J.W. and Tukey, J.W. An algorithm for the machine calculation of complex Fourier series. Mathematics of computation., 1965, 19(90), 297-301.
Brigham, E. The fast Fourier transform. Englewood Cliffs, 1974.
Gabor, D. Theory of communication. Part 1: The analysis of information. Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers - Part III: Radio and Communication Engineering, 1946, 93(26), 429-441.
Allen, J.B. and Rabiner, L. A unified approach to short-time Fourier analysis and synthesis. Proceedings of the IEEE., 1977, 65(11), 1558-1564.
Cohen, L. Time-frequency analysis. Prentice Hall PTR Englewood Cliffs, NJ., 1995, 1, 995,299.
Sundararajan, N. Fourier and Hartley transforms-a mathematical twin. Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 1997, 28, 1361-1366.
Bracewell, R.N. Discrete Hartley transform. JOSA., 1983,73(12), 1832-1835.
Bracewell, R.N. Aspects of the Hartley transform. Proceedings of the IEEE., 1994, 82(3), 381-387.
Villasenor, J. and Bracewell, R. Optical phase obtained by analogue Hartley transformation, Nature, 1987, 330(6150), 735-737.
Villasenor, J. and Bracewell, R. Lensless microwave imaging using the Hartley transform. 1988, 617-619.
Sundararajan, N. 2-D Hartley transforms. Geophysics, 1995, 60(1), 262-267.
Sundararajan, N. and Vijayachitra, S. Multidimensional Fourier and Hartley transforms-are they same?, IETE J RES, 2000, 46(3), 125-127.
Liu, J.C. and Lin, T. Short-time Hartley transform. Radar and Signal Processing, IEE Proceedings F, 1993, 140(3), 171-174.
Chui, C. K. An Introduction to Wavelets analysis and its applications. Academic, San Diego, 1992.
Zhao, Z., Xu, J. and Horiuchi, S. Differentiation operation in the wave equation for the pseudospectral method with a staggered mesh. Earth, planets and space, 2001, 53(5), 327-332.
Perkins, M. G. A separable Hartley-like transform in two or more dimensions. Proceedings of the IEEE., 1987, 75(8), 1127-1129.
Duhamel, P. and Vetterli, M. Improved Fourier and Hartley transform algorithms: Application to cyclic convolution of real data. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing,1987, 35(6), 818-824.
Sundararajan, N. and Vasudha, N. Genesis of Wavelet transform types and applications. Wavelets and Fractals in Earth System Sciences, 2013, 93-116.