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Abstract
The hydrodynamic performance of porous breakwaters was studied by numerical analysis to assess reflection and transmission characteristics. The finite-difference method on BOUSS-2D was used to test the efficiency of porous breakwaters. The effects of porosity on reflection and transmission characteristics under the action of regular waves were investigated. The wave elevation time histories obtained from the numerical study were compared to those measured during an experimental study, on the leeward and seaward sides of the porous breakwater and were found to be in close agreement. The reflection coefficient increases, whereas the transmission coefficient decreases with a decrease in the porosity. A model with a porosity of 5.9% showed a maximum reflection coefficient of about 0.7 and a minimum transmission coefficient of 0.3. The details of the numerical method, physical model, model setup and results are discussed in this paper.
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References
- Allsop NWH (1995), Vertical walls and breakwaters: optimization to improve vessel safety and wave disturbance by reducing wave reflections. Reproduced invited chapter in book Wave Forces on Inclined and Vertical Structures, ASCE, New York.
- Balaji R, Sundar V (2004), Theoretical and experimental investigation on the wave transmission through slotted screens. Oceanic Engineering Int. J. 8(2):69-90.
- Balaji R (2011), Characteristics of wave oscillations between two porous barriers. ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 17(2):50-61.
- Bergmann H, Oumeraci H (1999), Hydraulic performance of perforated structures. Proceedings of Coastal and Port Structures'99, Capetown 1340- 1349.
- Chakrabarti SC (1999), Wave interaction with an upright breakwater structure. Ocean Engineering 26:1003-1021.
- Coastal Hydraulic Laboratory (CHL) (2001), BOUSS-2D: A boussinesq wave model for coastal regions and harbours. Report 1: Theoretical background and user's manual, ERDC/CHL TR-01-25, Engineer Research and Development Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
- Gardner JD, Townend IH (1988), Slotted vertical screen breakwaters. Proceedings of Int. Conference on Breakwaters'88, Eastbourne 283- 297.
- Grüene J, Kohlhase S (1974), Wave transmission through vertical slotted walls. Proceedings of 14th Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, Copenhagen, ACSE 1906-1923.
- Isaacson M, Premasiri S, Yang G (1998), Wave interaction with slotted barriers. J. of waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Division, ASCE 124: 118-126.
- Kakuno S (1983), Reflection and transmission of waves through vertical slit-type structures. Coastal Structures 939-952.
- Krishnakumar C, Balaji R, Sannasiraj SA, Sundar V (2008), Reflection and transmission characteristics of partially submerged slotted wave screens, special issue on coastal environment. Int. J. of Ecology and Development 11(F08):20-35.
- Mansard EPD, Funke ER (1980), The measurement of incident and reflected spectra using a least squares method. Proceedings of 7th Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, Sydney, Australia, ASCE 1:154-172.
- Nwogu O (1993), Alternative form of boussinesq equations for nearshore wave propagation. J. of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, ASCE 119(6):618-638.
- Nwogu O (1994), Nonlinear evolution of directional wave spectra in shallow water. Proceedings of 24th Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, Kobe, Japan 467-481.
- Nwogu OG (1996), Numerical prediction of breaking waves and currents with a boussinesq model.
- Proceedings of 25th Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, Orlando 4:4807-4820.
- Smagorinsky J (1963), General circulation experiments with the primitive equations. Monthly Weather Review 91:91-164.
- Suh KD, Park JK, Park WS (2006), Wave reflection from partially perforated-wall caisson breakwater. Ocean Engineering 33:264-280.
References
Allsop NWH (1995), Vertical walls and breakwaters: optimization to improve vessel safety and wave disturbance by reducing wave reflections. Reproduced invited chapter in book Wave Forces on Inclined and Vertical Structures, ASCE, New York.
Balaji R, Sundar V (2004), Theoretical and experimental investigation on the wave transmission through slotted screens. Oceanic Engineering Int. J. 8(2):69-90.
Balaji R (2011), Characteristics of wave oscillations between two porous barriers. ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 17(2):50-61.
Bergmann H, Oumeraci H (1999), Hydraulic performance of perforated structures. Proceedings of Coastal and Port Structures'99, Capetown 1340- 1349.
Chakrabarti SC (1999), Wave interaction with an upright breakwater structure. Ocean Engineering 26:1003-1021.
Coastal Hydraulic Laboratory (CHL) (2001), BOUSS-2D: A boussinesq wave model for coastal regions and harbours. Report 1: Theoretical background and user's manual, ERDC/CHL TR-01-25, Engineer Research and Development Center, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Gardner JD, Townend IH (1988), Slotted vertical screen breakwaters. Proceedings of Int. Conference on Breakwaters'88, Eastbourne 283- 297.
Grüene J, Kohlhase S (1974), Wave transmission through vertical slotted walls. Proceedings of 14th Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, Copenhagen, ACSE 1906-1923.
Isaacson M, Premasiri S, Yang G (1998), Wave interaction with slotted barriers. J. of waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Division, ASCE 124: 118-126.
Kakuno S (1983), Reflection and transmission of waves through vertical slit-type structures. Coastal Structures 939-952.
Krishnakumar C, Balaji R, Sannasiraj SA, Sundar V (2008), Reflection and transmission characteristics of partially submerged slotted wave screens, special issue on coastal environment. Int. J. of Ecology and Development 11(F08):20-35.
Mansard EPD, Funke ER (1980), The measurement of incident and reflected spectra using a least squares method. Proceedings of 7th Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, Sydney, Australia, ASCE 1:154-172.
Nwogu O (1993), Alternative form of boussinesq equations for nearshore wave propagation. J. of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering, ASCE 119(6):618-638.
Nwogu O (1994), Nonlinear evolution of directional wave spectra in shallow water. Proceedings of 24th Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, Kobe, Japan 467-481.
Nwogu OG (1996), Numerical prediction of breaking waves and currents with a boussinesq model.
Proceedings of 25th Int. Conf. on Coastal Engineering, Orlando 4:4807-4820.
Smagorinsky J (1963), General circulation experiments with the primitive equations. Monthly Weather Review 91:91-164.
Suh KD, Park JK, Park WS (2006), Wave reflection from partially perforated-wall caisson breakwater. Ocean Engineering 33:264-280.