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Abstract
Swelling elastomers have gained acceptance as very effective products for creating sealing in various industries, including those creating energy from fossil fuels and geothermal resources. This paper outlines the research and development work being conducted not only in the application of these elastomers but also in the development work required to create new generations of elastomers. It touches on fundamental research into the mechanics of swelling with the intent to create a better and more predictable sealing as well as more advanced elastomers. It lifts the veil on the direction of work being done on new elastomers being developed in order to enable a better control of swelling. By doing so, the research is opening up field of applications for new equipment designs and mechanical possibilities in the future. Additionally, it addresses the need for a better and more in-depth dialogue between both chemical and mechanical engineers, and the elastomer companies and their customers on the potential that both swelling and non-swelling elastomers can offer to the industry as a whole.
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References
- Anjum MG, Shafeeq U, Younas MA (2010), Solid expandable tubular combined with swellable elastomers facilitate muli-zonal isolation and fracturing. SPE Paper # 131489-MS, International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Beijing, China.
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- Pal K, Rajasekar R, Kang DJ, Zhang ZX, Pal SK, Das CK, Kim JK (2010), Effect of fillers on natural rubber/high styrene rubber blends with nano silica: Morphology and wear. Materials and Design 31(2):677-686.
- Wack H, Hintemann D, Michael H, Buschner N (2011), Preparation and properties of swellable thermoplastic elastomer alloys based on elastomeric powder, polypropylene, and superabsorbent polymer. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 120(3):1290-1296.
- Wikipedia (2012), Fick's first and second laws. From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fick%27s_law.
- Young D, Sevre AK, Smith PE, al-Madlouh M, Awang MZ (2011), Effects of rapid gas decompression on swellable rubber and common oilfield rubber compounds. SPE paper # 149076-MS, SPE/DGS Saudi Arabia Section Technical Symposium and Exhibition, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
References
Anjum MG, Shafeeq U, Younas MA (2010), Solid expandable tubular combined with swellable elastomers facilitate muli-zonal isolation and fracturing. SPE Paper # 131489-MS, International Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Beijing, China.
M2 Polymer Technologies Incorporated. (2012), How SAP works. From: www.m2polymer.com/ html/ chemistry_sap.html.
Pal K, Rajasekar R, Kang DJ, Zhang ZX, Pal SK, Das CK, Kim JK (2010), Effect of fillers on natural rubber/high styrene rubber blends with nano silica: Morphology and wear. Materials and Design 31(2):677-686.
Wack H, Hintemann D, Michael H, Buschner N (2011), Preparation and properties of swellable thermoplastic elastomer alloys based on elastomeric powder, polypropylene, and superabsorbent polymer. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 120(3):1290-1296.
Wikipedia (2012), Fick's first and second laws. From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fick%27s_law.
Young D, Sevre AK, Smith PE, al-Madlouh M, Awang MZ (2011), Effects of rapid gas decompression on swellable rubber and common oilfield rubber compounds. SPE paper # 149076-MS, SPE/DGS Saudi Arabia Section Technical Symposium and Exhibition, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.