Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper presents a study carried out to evaluate and compare the permanent deformation of marginal soils. Under consideration were marl, sabkha and dune sand stabilized with foamed and emulsified sulfur asphalt (FSA, ESA) with mixes of the same soils stabilized with conventional foamed and emulsified asphalt (FA, EA) for road base construction. Designed mixes at their optimum asphalt content were evaluated for the dynamic resilient modulus (MR) at 22 °C and 40 °C and dynamic triaxial at three levels of deviatoric stress and at 22 °C and 40 °C. The wheel tracking (WT) test was carried out at 22 °C. Permanent deformation of stabilized mixes with optimum binder contents was modeled and simulated using dynamic triaxial and WT tests. The developed models were calibrated to predict rutting using VESYS 5W software. Results indicated that the FSA increased rutting resistance as compared to conventional FA mixes. On the other hand, ESA increased the rutting susceptibility of marl soil as compared to EA. The calibrated models of rutting prediction were found to predict the rut depth with 90% accuracy.
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References
- Abdullah and Wahhab, Gamil MSA, Hamad I. Al- Abdul W (2015), Evaluation of foamed sulfur asphalt stabilized soils for road applications. Construction and Building Materials 88: 149–158.
- Abdullah, Gamil MSA (2014), Modeling the behavior of sulfur modified foamed and emulsified asphalt soils mixes for local road applications. Ph.D Dissertation, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
- Asphalt Emulsion Manufacturers Association (AEMA) (2004), A basic asphalt emulsion manual. Manual Series (MS) No. 19.
- Asphalt Institute (1996), Superpave TM mix design. Superpave Series SP-2, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
- Barenberg, Ernest JB, Marshall RT (1990), Calibrated mechanistic structural analysis procedures for pavements phase 1 & II of NCHRP project 1-26. National Cooperative Highway Research Program”. Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC.
- Bevan WS (2002), Development of flow number and flow time candidate simple performance test for asphalt mixtures. MS Thesis. Department of
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University.
- Diyaljee, Vishnu AD, Gerald PR (1982), Repetitive load deformation of cohesionless soil. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division. Proc. ASCE 108(10): 1215-1229.
- Garba, Rabbira G (2002), Permanent deformation properties of asphalt concrete mixtures. PhD Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
- Gholam AB, William OY (1996), Determination of elastic and plastic subgrade soil parameters for asphalt cracking and rutting prediction. Transp. Res. Rec. 1540, Transportation Research Board, Washington DC. 97-104.
- Hafeez, Imran H (2009), Impact of hot mix asphalt properties on its permanent deformation behavior. 05- UET/ PhD-CE-22, University of Engineering and Technology, TAXILA.
- Jawad H, Douglas JW, Theunis FPH, David A (2013), Comparing results between the repeated load triaxial test rand accelerated pavement test on unbound aggregate. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 26(3): 476–483.
- Khedr, Safwan AK (1986), Deformation mechanism in asphaltic concrete. Journal of Transportation Engineering ASCE112(1): 29-45.
- Li, Liu, Peng L, Juanyu L (2010), Characterization of asphalt treated base course material. (No. FHWA-AK-RD-10-07). Alaska University Transport Centre. Alaska, USA.
- Monismith, Carl LM (1976), Rutting prediction in asphalt concrete pavements. Transp. Res. Rec. 616, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. 2-8.
- Vuong B, Peter A (1991), Repeated load triaxial testing on the subgrade from mulgrace ALF site. Australian Road Research Board, WD RI91/023.
- Wahhab, Hamad IA, Mirza MB, Isam MA, Hisham MK (2012), Study of road bases construction in Saudi Arabia using foam asphalt. Construction and Building Materials 26: 113–121.
- Zhu and Scullion, Fujie Z, Thomas S (2002), VESYS5 rutting model calibrations with local accelerated pavement test data and associated implementation. Report No. FHWA/TX-03/9- 1502-01-2, Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, TX.
References
Abdullah and Wahhab, Gamil MSA, Hamad I. Al- Abdul W (2015), Evaluation of foamed sulfur asphalt stabilized soils for road applications. Construction and Building Materials 88: 149–158.
Abdullah, Gamil MSA (2014), Modeling the behavior of sulfur modified foamed and emulsified asphalt soils mixes for local road applications. Ph.D Dissertation, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Asphalt Emulsion Manufacturers Association (AEMA) (2004), A basic asphalt emulsion manual. Manual Series (MS) No. 19.
Asphalt Institute (1996), Superpave TM mix design. Superpave Series SP-2, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Barenberg, Ernest JB, Marshall RT (1990), Calibrated mechanistic structural analysis procedures for pavements phase 1 & II of NCHRP project 1-26. National Cooperative Highway Research Program”. Transportation Research Board. Washington, DC.
Bevan WS (2002), Development of flow number and flow time candidate simple performance test for asphalt mixtures. MS Thesis. Department of
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University.
Diyaljee, Vishnu AD, Gerald PR (1982), Repetitive load deformation of cohesionless soil. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division. Proc. ASCE 108(10): 1215-1229.
Garba, Rabbira G (2002), Permanent deformation properties of asphalt concrete mixtures. PhD Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology.
Gholam AB, William OY (1996), Determination of elastic and plastic subgrade soil parameters for asphalt cracking and rutting prediction. Transp. Res. Rec. 1540, Transportation Research Board, Washington DC. 97-104.
Hafeez, Imran H (2009), Impact of hot mix asphalt properties on its permanent deformation behavior. 05- UET/ PhD-CE-22, University of Engineering and Technology, TAXILA.
Jawad H, Douglas JW, Theunis FPH, David A (2013), Comparing results between the repeated load triaxial test rand accelerated pavement test on unbound aggregate. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 26(3): 476–483.
Khedr, Safwan AK (1986), Deformation mechanism in asphaltic concrete. Journal of Transportation Engineering ASCE112(1): 29-45.
Li, Liu, Peng L, Juanyu L (2010), Characterization of asphalt treated base course material. (No. FHWA-AK-RD-10-07). Alaska University Transport Centre. Alaska, USA.
Monismith, Carl LM (1976), Rutting prediction in asphalt concrete pavements. Transp. Res. Rec. 616, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. 2-8.
Vuong B, Peter A (1991), Repeated load triaxial testing on the subgrade from mulgrace ALF site. Australian Road Research Board, WD RI91/023.
Wahhab, Hamad IA, Mirza MB, Isam MA, Hisham MK (2012), Study of road bases construction in Saudi Arabia using foam asphalt. Construction and Building Materials 26: 113–121.
Zhu and Scullion, Fujie Z, Thomas S (2002), VESYS5 rutting model calibrations with local accelerated pavement test data and associated implementation. Report No. FHWA/TX-03/9- 1502-01-2, Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, TX.