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Abstract
A primary and necessary focus in creating a greener environment is the conversion of existing power-generation sources to renewable power sources in the near future. Another important focus is to develop sustainable household power generation to a low-voltage electricity grid with a power purchase and selling facility. To help with achieving the above vision, the objective of this work is to critically analyze the existing low-voltage distribution system and make suggestions for restructuring it to the low-voltage interconnected microgrid (MG). The test was carried out in the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (TNEB) 100kVA transformer feeder which was connected to supply around 100 houses with electricity. The performance analysis of the proposed system was examined through different case studies, represented as a normal operating condition of the existing distribution system and a reconstructed and interconnected MG to the TNEB grid. The project was designed and analyzed using PSCAD software. The results discussed in the project are helpful in examining the effects of multiple distributed energy resources on distributed generation. In future, knowledge of these effects may be helpful for rural area electrification.
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References
- Brabandere B, Bolsens JVD, Keybus A, Woyte J, Drisen, Belmans R (2007), A voltage and frequency droop control method for parallel inverters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 22(4): 1107–1115.
- Carrasco LG, Franquelo IT, Bialasiewicz E, Galvan RCP, Guisado AM, Prats, Leon J, Moreno-Alfonso N (2006), Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 53: 1002–1016.
- Cheng PT, Chen CA, Lee TL, Kuo SY (2009), A cooperative imbalance compensation method for distributed generation interface converters. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications 45(2): 805–815.
- Corradini L, Mattavelli P, Corradin M, Polo F (2010), Analysis of parallel operation of uninterruptible power supplies though long wiring cables. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 25(4): 2806–2816.
- Fornari S, Di Giorgio A, Liberati F (2013), A case study of a commercial/residential MG integrating cogeneration and electrical local users. 12th International Conference Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC) 363–368.
- Guerrero JM, de Vicuña LG, Matas J, Castilla M, Miret J (2005), Output impedance design of parallel-connected UPS inverters with wireless load sharing control. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 52(4): 1126–1135.
- Guerrero JM, Vasque JC, Matas J, de Vicuña LG, Castilla M (2011), Hierarchical control of droop-controlled AC and DC MGs—A general approach toward standardization. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 55(1): 158–172.
- Gungor VC, Sahin D, Kocak T, Ergut S, Buccella C, Cecati C, Hancke GP (2011), Smart grid technologies: Communications technologies and standards. IEEE Trans. Industrial Information 7(4): 529–539.
- He J, Li YW (2011), An accurate reactive power sharing control strategy for DG units in a MG. in Proceedings from the 8th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia, Jeju, Korea 551–556.
- Ji L, Niu DX, Huang GH (2014), An inexact two-stage stochastic robust programming for residential micro-grid management-based on random demand. Elsevier Energy 67(1): 186– 199.
- Li W, Li YW (2011), Power management of inverter interfaced autonomous MG based on virtual frequency-voltage frame. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2(1): 30–40.
- Mehrizi-Sani A, Iravani R (2010), Potentialfunction based control of a MG in islanded and grid-connected modes. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 25(4): 1883–1891.
- Melicio R, Mendes VMF, Catalão JPS (2008), Wind energy systems and power quality: Matrix versus two level converters. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Quality, Santander, Spain.
- Mohamed F (2006), MG modeling and simulation. Thesis report - Helsinki University of Technology Control Engineering Laboratory.
- Pogaku N, Prodanovic M, Green T (2007), Modeling, analysis and testing of autonomous operation of an inverter-based MG. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics 22(2): 613–625.
- Ramanarayanan V (2010), Decentralized parallel operation of inverters sharing unbalanced and nonlinear loads. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 25(12): 3015–3025.
- TNEB Engineers’ Association (2008), Power Engineer’s Handbook, 6th ed., Chennai, India: Allied Publishers.
- Zhou KL, Yang SL, Chen ZQ, Ding SA (2014), Optimal load distribution model of microgrid in the smart grid environment. Elsevier Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 35: 304–310.
References
Brabandere B, Bolsens JVD, Keybus A, Woyte J, Drisen, Belmans R (2007), A voltage and frequency droop control method for parallel inverters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 22(4): 1107–1115.
Carrasco LG, Franquelo IT, Bialasiewicz E, Galvan RCP, Guisado AM, Prats, Leon J, Moreno-Alfonso N (2006), Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 53: 1002–1016.
Cheng PT, Chen CA, Lee TL, Kuo SY (2009), A cooperative imbalance compensation method for distributed generation interface converters. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications 45(2): 805–815.
Corradini L, Mattavelli P, Corradin M, Polo F (2010), Analysis of parallel operation of uninterruptible power supplies though long wiring cables. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 25(4): 2806–2816.
Fornari S, Di Giorgio A, Liberati F (2013), A case study of a commercial/residential MG integrating cogeneration and electrical local users. 12th International Conference Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC) 363–368.
Guerrero JM, de Vicuña LG, Matas J, Castilla M, Miret J (2005), Output impedance design of parallel-connected UPS inverters with wireless load sharing control. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 52(4): 1126–1135.
Guerrero JM, Vasque JC, Matas J, de Vicuña LG, Castilla M (2011), Hierarchical control of droop-controlled AC and DC MGs—A general approach toward standardization. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 55(1): 158–172.
Gungor VC, Sahin D, Kocak T, Ergut S, Buccella C, Cecati C, Hancke GP (2011), Smart grid technologies: Communications technologies and standards. IEEE Trans. Industrial Information 7(4): 529–539.
He J, Li YW (2011), An accurate reactive power sharing control strategy for DG units in a MG. in Proceedings from the 8th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia, Jeju, Korea 551–556.
Ji L, Niu DX, Huang GH (2014), An inexact two-stage stochastic robust programming for residential micro-grid management-based on random demand. Elsevier Energy 67(1): 186– 199.
Li W, Li YW (2011), Power management of inverter interfaced autonomous MG based on virtual frequency-voltage frame. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2(1): 30–40.
Mehrizi-Sani A, Iravani R (2010), Potentialfunction based control of a MG in islanded and grid-connected modes. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 25(4): 1883–1891.
Melicio R, Mendes VMF, Catalão JPS (2008), Wind energy systems and power quality: Matrix versus two level converters. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Quality, Santander, Spain.
Mohamed F (2006), MG modeling and simulation. Thesis report - Helsinki University of Technology Control Engineering Laboratory.
Pogaku N, Prodanovic M, Green T (2007), Modeling, analysis and testing of autonomous operation of an inverter-based MG. IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics 22(2): 613–625.
Ramanarayanan V (2010), Decentralized parallel operation of inverters sharing unbalanced and nonlinear loads. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 25(12): 3015–3025.
TNEB Engineers’ Association (2008), Power Engineer’s Handbook, 6th ed., Chennai, India: Allied Publishers.
Zhou KL, Yang SL, Chen ZQ, Ding SA (2014), Optimal load distribution model of microgrid in the smart grid environment. Elsevier Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 35: 304–310.