Main Article Content
Abstract
Structural elements such as beams, slabs, and columns may require strengthening or repair during their service life. Different repair materials (RMs) are available and it is usually difficult to choose the best ones, especially when considering the cost of such materials. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of patch RMs on plain concrete prisms as well as on reinforced concrete beams. Three cement-based RMs available in the market with different mechanical properties and an ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mix produced in the lab were used in the study. Damage was induced in prisms/beams and then repaired using different materials. The experimental work included assessment of the flexural strength of damaged/repaired plain concrete prisms; slant shear (bond) strength between the concrete and the RM; axial strength of damaged/repaired plain concrete prisms and bond of the repair materials in damaged/repaired reinforced concrete beams loaded to failure. The test results showed that all RMs performed well in restoring the strength of damaged plain concrete. Compatibility of the RMs with substrate concrete was found to be more important in the behavior than superior mechanical properties of the RMs. No difference was noted in the behavior between the RMs in repairing reinforced concrete beams at the tension side.
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References
- Abu-Tair AI (1997), Heat cycling of epoxy mortar repaired beams. ACI Materials Journal 94(2): 129-133.
- Al-Farabi S, Kalimur RM, Al-Gahtani A, Hameeduddin M (2006), Behaviour of patch repair of axially loaded reinforced concrete beams. Cement and Concrete Composites 28: 734–741.
- American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C109. Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars.
- American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C469. Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of Concrete in Compression.
- American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C78. Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading).
- American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C882. Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy-Resin Systems used with Concrete by Slant Shear.
- Al-Zahrani MM, Maslehhuddin M, Ibrahim M (2003) Mechanical properties and durability characteristics of polymer- and cement-based repair materials. Cement and Concrete Research 25: 527-537.
- Cabrera JG, Al-Hasan AS (1997), Performance properties of the concrete repair materials. Construction and Building Materials 11(5-6): 283-290.
- Courard L, Schwall D, Garbacz A, Piotrowski T (2006), Effect of concrete substrate texture on the adhesion properties of PCC repair mortar. In: Aguiar JB, Jalali S, Camões A, Ferreira R.M. (Eds). Proceedings ISPIC 2006 International Symposium Polymers on Concrete Guimarães, Oficinas Gráficas de Barbosa and Xavier, Lda, Braga, Portugal 99–110.
- Courard L, Piotrowski T, Garbacz A (2014), Near-to-surface properties affecting bond strength in concrete repair. Cement and Concrete Composites 46: 73–80.
- Garbacz, A., Górka, M., Courard, L., (2005), On the effect of concrete surface treatment on adhesion in repair systems. Magazine of Concrete Research 57(1): 49–60.
- Ghassan N, Zai-UL-Hasan C (1999), Reinforced concrete repairs in beams. Construction and Building Materials 1: 195-212.
- Liu YP, Wang FZ, Liu MY, Hu SG (2014), A microstructural approach to adherence mechanism of cement and asphalt mortar (CA mortar) to repair materials. Construction and Building Materials 66: 125–131.
- Mangat PS, Limbachiya MK (1995), Repair material properties which influence longterm performance of the concrete structure. Construction and Building Materials 11(2): 81- 90.
- Mangat PS, Limbachiya MK (1997), Repair materials properties for effective structural application. Cement and Concrete Research 27(4): 601-617.
- Margan DR (1996), Compatibility of concrete repair materials and systems. Construction and Building Materials 10(1): 57-67.
- Qian J, You C, Wang Q, Wang H, Jia X, (2014), A method for assessing bond performance of cement-based repair materials. Construction and Building Materials 68: 307–313.
- Rio O, Andrade C, Izquierdo D, Alonso C (2005), Behavior of patch-repaired concrete structural elements under increasing static loads to flexural failure. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 17: 168-177.
- Ueda H, Tamai Y, Kudu T (2011), Evaluation of the durability of cement-based repair materials. Quarterly Report of Railway Technical Research Institute, Japan 52(2): 92-96.
References
Abu-Tair AI (1997), Heat cycling of epoxy mortar repaired beams. ACI Materials Journal 94(2): 129-133.
Al-Farabi S, Kalimur RM, Al-Gahtani A, Hameeduddin M (2006), Behaviour of patch repair of axially loaded reinforced concrete beams. Cement and Concrete Composites 28: 734–741.
American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C109. Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars.
American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C469. Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson's Ratio of Concrete in Compression.
American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C78. Standard Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading).
American Society for Testing and Materials, ASTM C882. Standard Test Method for Bond Strength of Epoxy-Resin Systems used with Concrete by Slant Shear.
Al-Zahrani MM, Maslehhuddin M, Ibrahim M (2003) Mechanical properties and durability characteristics of polymer- and cement-based repair materials. Cement and Concrete Research 25: 527-537.
Cabrera JG, Al-Hasan AS (1997), Performance properties of the concrete repair materials. Construction and Building Materials 11(5-6): 283-290.
Courard L, Schwall D, Garbacz A, Piotrowski T (2006), Effect of concrete substrate texture on the adhesion properties of PCC repair mortar. In: Aguiar JB, Jalali S, Camões A, Ferreira R.M. (Eds). Proceedings ISPIC 2006 International Symposium Polymers on Concrete Guimarães, Oficinas Gráficas de Barbosa and Xavier, Lda, Braga, Portugal 99–110.
Courard L, Piotrowski T, Garbacz A (2014), Near-to-surface properties affecting bond strength in concrete repair. Cement and Concrete Composites 46: 73–80.
Garbacz, A., Górka, M., Courard, L., (2005), On the effect of concrete surface treatment on adhesion in repair systems. Magazine of Concrete Research 57(1): 49–60.
Ghassan N, Zai-UL-Hasan C (1999), Reinforced concrete repairs in beams. Construction and Building Materials 1: 195-212.
Liu YP, Wang FZ, Liu MY, Hu SG (2014), A microstructural approach to adherence mechanism of cement and asphalt mortar (CA mortar) to repair materials. Construction and Building Materials 66: 125–131.
Mangat PS, Limbachiya MK (1995), Repair material properties which influence longterm performance of the concrete structure. Construction and Building Materials 11(2): 81- 90.
Mangat PS, Limbachiya MK (1997), Repair materials properties for effective structural application. Cement and Concrete Research 27(4): 601-617.
Margan DR (1996), Compatibility of concrete repair materials and systems. Construction and Building Materials 10(1): 57-67.
Qian J, You C, Wang Q, Wang H, Jia X, (2014), A method for assessing bond performance of cement-based repair materials. Construction and Building Materials 68: 307–313.
Rio O, Andrade C, Izquierdo D, Alonso C (2005), Behavior of patch-repaired concrete structural elements under increasing static loads to flexural failure. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 17: 168-177.
Ueda H, Tamai Y, Kudu T (2011), Evaluation of the durability of cement-based repair materials. Quarterly Report of Railway Technical Research Institute, Japan 52(2): 92-96.