Main Article Content

Abstract

This article presents a design and development of a drop-on-demand (DOD) droplets generator. This generator uses molten metal as a liquid and can be used in fabrication, prototyping and any kind of printing with solder droplets. This setup consists of a vibrator solenoid with tunable frequency to produce a semi-spherical shape of molten metal, close to the surface of fabrication. This design also has a nozzle with micro-size orifice, a rod for transmitting force and a heater to melt the metal and keep it in superheat temperature. This DOD can produce droplets in different sizes (less than 550 µm) by controlling the vibration frequency of solenoid. This ability together with the accuracy of the droplets in positioning (the error is less than ±20 µm for 1.5 mm amplitude) can be used in different applications.  Moreover, in this paper, the impact of initial position of the head and temperature on the average diameter of droplets and the impact of the frequency on the shape of the droplets have been tested and discussed

Keywords

Drop-on-demand Metal droplets Rapid prototyping fabrication Solenoid transduce.

Article Details

How to Cite
Ghodsi, M., Ghodsi, M., Hojjat, Y., Sadeghian, H., Ziaiefar, H., Mohammadzaheri, M., & Al-Yahmedi, A. (2017). Investigation of Effective Parameters of Drop-on-Demand Droplet Generator. The Journal of Engineering Research [TJER], 14(2), 182–190. https://doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol14iss2pp182-190

References

  1. Beer SZ (1972), Liquid metal – chemistry and physics. Marcel Dekke, 474-488, New York.
  2. Chun JH, Passow CH (1993), Droplet based manufacturing. Journal of Annals of the CIRP 42: 235-238.
  3. Fan KC, Chen JY, Wang CH, Pan WC (2008), Development of a drop-on-demand droplet generator for one-drop-fill technology. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 147(2): 649-655.
  4. Ghodsi M, Ueno T, Teshima H, Hirano H, Higuchi T, Summers E (2007), Zero-power positioning actuator for cryogenic environments by combining magnetostrictive bimetal and HTS. Sensors and Actuators A 135: 787-791.
  5. Ghodsi M, Ueno T, Teshima H, Hirano H, Higuchi T (2007), Numerical modeling of iron yoke levitation using the pinning effect of high temperature superconductor. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 43(5): 2001-2008.
  6. Ghodsi M, Ueno T, Higuchi T (2008), Novel magnetostrictive bimetal actuator using permendur. Advanced Materials Research 47-50: 262-265.
  7. Ghodsi M, Ueno T, Modabberifar M (2010), Quality factor, static and dynamic responses of miniature galfenol actuator at wide range of temperature. International Journal of Physical Sciences 6(36): 8143-8150.
  8. Ghodsi M (2015), Optimization of mover acceleration in DC tubular linear direct-drive machine using response surface method. International Review of Electrical Engineering 10(4): 492-500.
  9. Ghodsi M, Hosseinzadeh N, Ozer A, Rajabzadeh H, Garjasi VN, Hojjat Y, Talebian Sl, Sheykholeslami M, Al-Yahmadi A (2017), Development of gasoline direct injector using giant magnetostrictive materials. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 53(1): 521-529.
  10. Goldin R (1999), Flip chip bumping with high speed metal jet technology. Proceedings of NEPCON West'99, Los Anglos.
  11. Hayes DJ, Wallace DB, Boldman MT (1993), Method and apparatus for dispensing spherical shaped quantities of a liquid solder. US Patent: 5: 229 016.
  12. Karafi MR, Ghodsi M, Hojjat Y (2015), Development of magnetostrictive resonant torsional vibrator. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 51(9): 1-8.
  13. Lawrence L, James L, Jennifer R (2017), Examine a 3D-printed carbon fiber part created using a direct-ink writing process developed at LLNL. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA.
  14. Liu Q, Orme M (1999), High precision solder droplet printing technology and the state-of-the-art. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 115: 271-283.
  15. Luo J, Qi LH, Zhou JM, Hou XH, Li HJ (2012), Modeling and characterization of metal droplets generation by using a pneumatic drop-on-demand generator. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 212(3): 718-726.
  16. Manko HH (1979), Solders and soldering: materials, design, production, and analysis for reliable bonding. McGraw-Hill, New York.
  17. Mohammadzaheri M, Qallaf A (2017), Nanopositioning systems with piezoelectric actuators, current state and future perspective. Science of Advanced Materials 9(7): 1071–1080.
  18. Murr LE, Johnson WL (2017), 3D metal droplet printing development and advanced materials additive manufacturing. Journal of Materials Research and Technology.
  19. Özer A, Ghodsi M, Sekiguchi A, Saleem A, Al-Sabari N (2015), Design and experimental implementation of a beam-type twin dynamic vibration absorber for a cantilevered flexible structure carrying an unbalanced rotor: numerical and experimental observations. Shock and vibration, Article ID 154892.
  20. Rayleigh L (1878), On the instability of jets. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 10: 4-13.
  21. Rayleigh L (1879), On the capillary phenomena of jets. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 29: 71-97.
  22. Savarat F (1833), Memoire sur la constitution des veines liquids lances par des orifices circulaires en mince. Annales de Chimie et de Physique 53: 337-386.
  23. Sadeghian H, Hojjat Y, Ghodsi M, Sheykholeslami MR (2013), An approach to design and fabrication of a piezo-actuated microdroplet generator. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 70(5-8): 1091-1099.
  24. Sohn H, Yang KY (2005), Drop-on-demand deposition of superheated metal droplets for selective infiltration manufacturing. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering 392: 415–421.
  25. Waldvogel JM, Poulikakos D, Wallace DB, Marusak RM (1996), Transport phenomena in Pico liter size solder droplet dispensing on a composite substrate. ASME Journal of Heat Transfer 118: 148–156.
  26. Yingxue Y, Shengdong G, and Chengsong C (2004), Rapid prototyping based on uniform droplet spraying. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 146: 389-395.
  27. Yamaguchi K, Sakai K, Yamanaka T, and Hirayama T (2000), Generation of three-dimensional micro structure using metal jet. Journal of Precision Engineering 24(1): 2–8.
  28. Zaugg FG, Wagner P (2003), Drop-on-demand printing of protein biochips arrays. MRS BULLETIN 28(11): 837-842.