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Abstract
The study attempts to find the effectiveness of adopting red light cameras in reducing red light violators. An experimental approach was adopted to investigate the use of red light cameras at signalized intersections in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study locations were divided into three groups. The first group was related to the approaches monitored with red light cameras. The second group was related to approaches without red light cameras, but located within an intersection that had one of its approaches monitored with red light cameras. The third group was related to intersection approaches located at intersection without red light cameras (controlled sites). A methodology was developed for data collection. The data were then tested statistically by Z-test using proportion methods to compare the proportion of red light violations occurring at different sites. The study found that the proportion of red light violators at approaches monitored with red light cameras was significantly less than those at the controlled sites for most of the time. Approaches without red light cameras located within intersections having red light cameras showed, in general, fewer violations than controlled sites, but the results were not significant for all times of the day. The study reveals that red light cameras have a positive effect on reducing red light violations. However, these conclusions need further evaluations to justify their safe and economic use.
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References
- Baughman, C., 2002, "A Data Collection Method for Red Light Running," Proceeding of the International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering, pp. 207- 214, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Blakey, L. T., 2003, "Red-Light Cameras: Effective Enforcement Measures for Intersection Safety," ITE Journal (Institute of Transport Engineer), Vol. 73(3), pp. 34-36, 43, USA.
- Bluman, A. G., 1992, "Elementary Statistics," Wm. C. Brown Publisher (WCB).
- Chen, G., Wilson, J., Meeckle, W. and Cooper, P., 2002, "Evaluation of Photo Radar Program in British Columbia," Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 32(4).
- Datta, T. K., Schattler K. and Datta, S., 2000, "Red Light Violations and Crashes at Urban Intersections," Transportation Research Record, No. 1734, pp. 52-58, Washington, D.C., USA.
- Fleck, J. L. and Smith, B. B., 1999, "Can We Make Red- Light Runners Stop? Red Light Photo Enforcement in San Francisco, California," Transportation Research Record, No. 1693, pp. 46-49, Washington, D.C., USA.
- Harbord, B. and Jones, J., 1996, "Variable Speed Limit Enforcement - the M25 Controlled Motorway Pilot Scheme," Proceedings of the 1997 IEE Colloquium on Camera Enforcement of Traffic Regulations, London, UK.
- Kea, M. D., Povey, L. J. and Firth, W. J., 2002, "Further Results from a Trial Comparing a Hidden Speed Camera Programme with Visible Camera Operation," Accident Analysis & Prevention Periodical, Vol. 34(6).
- Keenan, D. J., 2001, "Measuring the Effect of Speed Enforcement Cameras on Traffic Speed Violations," Institute of Transport Studies (ITS) - University of Leeds, UK
- Lawson, S. D., Morris, H. T., Handy, R. W. and Howard, A. C., 1992, "Red Light and Surveillance Cameras - Policy Issues Related to Accident Reduction and Enforcement," IEE Conference Publication, No. 355, pp. 38-42, London, UK.
- Magee, A. R., 1000, "A Review of the Potential Benefits of Speed Control Using ATT Applications," Institute of Transport Studies (ITS)-University of Leeds, UK.
- Miller, J. S., 2003, "Two Methodological Considerations for Evaluating Safety Impacts of Photo-Red Enforcement," ITE Journal (Institute of Transportation Engineers) , Vol. 73(1), pp. 20-24, USA.
- Ponter, B. E. and Derry, T., 1996, "A Nation Wide Survey of Self-reported Red Light Running: Measuring Prevalence, Predictors & Perceived Consequences," Accident Analysis & Prevention: Vol. 33(6).
- Retting, R. A. and Williams, A. F., 1996, "Characteristics of Red Light Violators: Results of a Field Investigation," J. of Safety Research , Vol. 27(1), pp. 9-15, USA.
- Retting, R. A., Williams, A. F., Farmer, C. M. and Feldman, A. F., 1999, "Evaluation of Red Light Camera Enforcement in Fairfax, Virginia, USA," ITE Journal (Institute of Transportation Engineers) , Vol. 69(8), pp. 30-34, USA.
- Retting, R.A., Williams, A. F., Farmer, C. M. and Feldman, A. F., 1999, "Evaluation of Red Light Camera Enforcement in Oxnard, California," Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 31(3), pp. 169-174, USA.
- Ruby, D.E. and Hobeika, A.G., 2003, "Assessment of Red
References
Baughman, C., 2002, "A Data Collection Method for Red Light Running," Proceeding of the International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technologies in Transportation Engineering, pp. 207- 214, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Blakey, L. T., 2003, "Red-Light Cameras: Effective Enforcement Measures for Intersection Safety," ITE Journal (Institute of Transport Engineer), Vol. 73(3), pp. 34-36, 43, USA.
Bluman, A. G., 1992, "Elementary Statistics," Wm. C. Brown Publisher (WCB).
Chen, G., Wilson, J., Meeckle, W. and Cooper, P., 2002, "Evaluation of Photo Radar Program in British Columbia," Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 32(4).
Datta, T. K., Schattler K. and Datta, S., 2000, "Red Light Violations and Crashes at Urban Intersections," Transportation Research Record, No. 1734, pp. 52-58, Washington, D.C., USA.
Fleck, J. L. and Smith, B. B., 1999, "Can We Make Red- Light Runners Stop? Red Light Photo Enforcement in San Francisco, California," Transportation Research Record, No. 1693, pp. 46-49, Washington, D.C., USA.
Harbord, B. and Jones, J., 1996, "Variable Speed Limit Enforcement - the M25 Controlled Motorway Pilot Scheme," Proceedings of the 1997 IEE Colloquium on Camera Enforcement of Traffic Regulations, London, UK.
Kea, M. D., Povey, L. J. and Firth, W. J., 2002, "Further Results from a Trial Comparing a Hidden Speed Camera Programme with Visible Camera Operation," Accident Analysis & Prevention Periodical, Vol. 34(6).
Keenan, D. J., 2001, "Measuring the Effect of Speed Enforcement Cameras on Traffic Speed Violations," Institute of Transport Studies (ITS) - University of Leeds, UK
Lawson, S. D., Morris, H. T., Handy, R. W. and Howard, A. C., 1992, "Red Light and Surveillance Cameras - Policy Issues Related to Accident Reduction and Enforcement," IEE Conference Publication, No. 355, pp. 38-42, London, UK.
Magee, A. R., 1000, "A Review of the Potential Benefits of Speed Control Using ATT Applications," Institute of Transport Studies (ITS)-University of Leeds, UK.
Miller, J. S., 2003, "Two Methodological Considerations for Evaluating Safety Impacts of Photo-Red Enforcement," ITE Journal (Institute of Transportation Engineers) , Vol. 73(1), pp. 20-24, USA.
Ponter, B. E. and Derry, T., 1996, "A Nation Wide Survey of Self-reported Red Light Running: Measuring Prevalence, Predictors & Perceived Consequences," Accident Analysis & Prevention: Vol. 33(6).
Retting, R. A. and Williams, A. F., 1996, "Characteristics of Red Light Violators: Results of a Field Investigation," J. of Safety Research , Vol. 27(1), pp. 9-15, USA.
Retting, R. A., Williams, A. F., Farmer, C. M. and Feldman, A. F., 1999, "Evaluation of Red Light Camera Enforcement in Fairfax, Virginia, USA," ITE Journal (Institute of Transportation Engineers) , Vol. 69(8), pp. 30-34, USA.
Retting, R.A., Williams, A. F., Farmer, C. M. and Feldman, A. F., 1999, "Evaluation of Red Light Camera Enforcement in Oxnard, California," Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 31(3), pp. 169-174, USA.
Ruby, D.E. and Hobeika, A.G., 2003, "Assessment of Red