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Abstract
This paper presents a finite element simulation by COMSOL Multiphysics package to investigate the temperature distribution inside three-phase, three-core, 33 kV underground power cables (UGC) through a coupled electromagnetic-thermal modelling. The simulations are very controlled and fine realistic details can be added to the model such as the temperature conductivity dependence of any metallic layer and armour permeability. Distributions of magnetic field, current density, resistive losses and temperature inside UGC different layers are calculated at different operating conditions. The exponential increase in conductor temperature with increasing the conductor current limits the single-phasing operation of such cables. Therefore, they must be derated, otherwise their lifetime will be reduced exponentially. Finally, the effect of current harmonics on the temperature distribution inside the insulation material and hence its lifetime is calculated using MATLAB. It is found that higher steady-state conductor temperatures are expected for cables with larger conductor cross-sectional areas, using aluminium core rather than copper, or using 6-pulse rectifiers rather than a higher pulse types.
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References
- Anders GJ, Napieralski A, Kulesza Z (1999), Calculation of the internal thermal resistance and ampacity of 3-core screened cables with fillers. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv, 14(3): 729-734.
- Anders GJ (2005), Rating of electric power cables in unfavorable thermal environment. (Wiley-IEEE press).
- COMSOL Group Ltd., Stockholm, Sweden (20133), COMSOL multiphysics software package Version 4.4.
- Eladawy M (2017), Dynamic derating of three-phase underground power cable under current harmonic distortion. 19th International Middle East Power System Conference MEPCON’19.
- Gandhare WZ, Patil KD (2013), Effects of harmonics on power loss in XLPE cables. Energy and Power Engineering 5(4B): 1235-1239.
- Gouda OE, Amer GM, El Dein AZ (2010), Effect of the formation of the dry zone around underground power cables on their ratings. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv, 26(2): 972-978.
- Huang Z, Pilgrim JA, Lewin P, Swingler S, Gregory TG (2015), Thermal modelling and analysis for offshore submarine high-voltage direct current cable crossings. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib, 9(16): 2717-2723.
- International Standard IEC 60287 (19944), Electric cables - calculation of the current rating – Part 1-1: current rating equations (100% load factor) and calculation of losses-section 1: general. 1994-12.
- Kovetz A (1990), The principles of electromagnetic theory. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
- Lucca G (2016), Electromagnetic interference at power frequencies: shielding factor related to an urban environment. IET Sci. Meas. Technol. 10(6): 614–620.
- Metwally IA, Gastli A (2008), Correlation between eddy currents and corrosion in electric submersible pump systems. Int. J. Thermal Sciences (IJTS), 47(6): 800-810.
- Metwally IA (2010) Electrostatic and magnetic field analyses of 66-kV cross-linked polyethylene submarine power cable equipped with optical fiber sensors. Electric Power Components and Systems 38(4): 465–476.
- Metwally IA (2012), The evolution of medium voltage power cables. IEEE Potentials, 31(3: 20-25.
- Moore GF (1997), Electric cables handbook. (Blackwell Science, 3rd edn.).
- Oman Cables Industry (SAOG): Medium voltage cables. OCI/PBMVC/REV. 001/010410, Available: www. omancables.com.
- Rasoulpoor M, Mirzaie M, Mirimani SM (2017), Effects of non-sinusoidal current on current division, ampacity and magnetic field of parallel power cables. IET Sci. Meas. Technol, 11(5): 553–562.
- Sedaghat A, de León F (2014), Thermal analysis of power cables in free air: Evaluation and improvement of the IEC standard ampacity calculations. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv, 29(5): 2306-2314.
- Tofoli FL, Sanhueza SMR, de Oliveira A (2006), On the study of losses in cables and transformers in nonsinusoidal conditions. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv, 21(2): 971-978.
- Wu B, Narimani M (2017), High-power converters and AC drives. (Wiley-IEEE Press, 2nd edn.).
- Zarchi DA, Vahidi B (2016), Optimal placement of underground cables to maximise total ampacity considering cable lifetime. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib, 10(1): 263-269.
- Zhoun C, Yi H, Dong X (2017), Review of recent research towards power cable life cycle management. IET High Voltage 2(3): 179 – 187.
References
Anders GJ, Napieralski A, Kulesza Z (1999), Calculation of the internal thermal resistance and ampacity of 3-core screened cables with fillers. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv, 14(3): 729-734.
Anders GJ (2005), Rating of electric power cables in unfavorable thermal environment. (Wiley-IEEE press).
COMSOL Group Ltd., Stockholm, Sweden (20133), COMSOL multiphysics software package Version 4.4.
Eladawy M (2017), Dynamic derating of three-phase underground power cable under current harmonic distortion. 19th International Middle East Power System Conference MEPCON’19.
Gandhare WZ, Patil KD (2013), Effects of harmonics on power loss in XLPE cables. Energy and Power Engineering 5(4B): 1235-1239.
Gouda OE, Amer GM, El Dein AZ (2010), Effect of the formation of the dry zone around underground power cables on their ratings. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv, 26(2): 972-978.
Huang Z, Pilgrim JA, Lewin P, Swingler S, Gregory TG (2015), Thermal modelling and analysis for offshore submarine high-voltage direct current cable crossings. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib, 9(16): 2717-2723.
International Standard IEC 60287 (19944), Electric cables - calculation of the current rating – Part 1-1: current rating equations (100% load factor) and calculation of losses-section 1: general. 1994-12.
Kovetz A (1990), The principles of electromagnetic theory. Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Lucca G (2016), Electromagnetic interference at power frequencies: shielding factor related to an urban environment. IET Sci. Meas. Technol. 10(6): 614–620.
Metwally IA, Gastli A (2008), Correlation between eddy currents and corrosion in electric submersible pump systems. Int. J. Thermal Sciences (IJTS), 47(6): 800-810.
Metwally IA (2010) Electrostatic and magnetic field analyses of 66-kV cross-linked polyethylene submarine power cable equipped with optical fiber sensors. Electric Power Components and Systems 38(4): 465–476.
Metwally IA (2012), The evolution of medium voltage power cables. IEEE Potentials, 31(3: 20-25.
Moore GF (1997), Electric cables handbook. (Blackwell Science, 3rd edn.).
Oman Cables Industry (SAOG): Medium voltage cables. OCI/PBMVC/REV. 001/010410, Available: www. omancables.com.
Rasoulpoor M, Mirzaie M, Mirimani SM (2017), Effects of non-sinusoidal current on current division, ampacity and magnetic field of parallel power cables. IET Sci. Meas. Technol, 11(5): 553–562.
Sedaghat A, de León F (2014), Thermal analysis of power cables in free air: Evaluation and improvement of the IEC standard ampacity calculations. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv, 29(5): 2306-2314.
Tofoli FL, Sanhueza SMR, de Oliveira A (2006), On the study of losses in cables and transformers in nonsinusoidal conditions. IEEE Trans. Power Deliv, 21(2): 971-978.
Wu B, Narimani M (2017), High-power converters and AC drives. (Wiley-IEEE Press, 2nd edn.).
Zarchi DA, Vahidi B (2016), Optimal placement of underground cables to maximise total ampacity considering cable lifetime. IET Gener. Transm. Distrib, 10(1): 263-269.
Zhoun C, Yi H, Dong X (2017), Review of recent research towards power cable life cycle management. IET High Voltage 2(3): 179 – 187.