Main Article Content
Abstract
Mild agate mortar activation followed by sintering of precursors, in resemblance to modified solid state process, was studied for synthesis of the aurivillius bismuth titanate. Hand on mill activation was carried out for eight hours followed by annealing treatment at 1000°C for 12 hours in presence of air atmosphere to obtain the proper phase. Scherrer’s formula was utilized to estimate crystallite size along with planes of orientation. Crystallite size was about 65nm while prominent peaks of orientations were (-117), (006), (111), (200) and others. FESEM and TEM studies were carried to obtain the morphology and estimated grain size of the synthesized aurivillius compound. Morphological features execute the material system to be nanocrystalline in nature as estimated from grain size measurement in correspondence with XRD crystallite size estimation. FTIR analysis confirms M-O coordinations of synthesized modified perovskite (aurivillius) sample. Optical property was evaluated from UV-VIS analysis with prominent absorption spectra in the visible region. Tauc plot was used to estimate the band gap to be about 2.86eV & 2eV for both direct and indirect transitions.
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References
- Chen Zhiwu, Yu Ying, HU Jianqiang, Shui Anze, HE Xinhua (2009), Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of Bi4Ti3O12 powders. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 117(3): 264-267.
- Gopalan Srikanth, Mehta Karun, Virkar V. Anil (1996), Synthesis of oxide perovskite solid solutions using the molten salt method. Journal of Materials Research 11(8): 1863–65.
- Guha J.P. (1999), Reaction chemistry and sub solidus phase equilibria in lead-based relaxor systems: Part 1, formation and stability of the perovskite and pyrochlore compounds in the system PbO–MgO–Nb2O5. Journal of Materials Science 34(20): 4985–94.
- HaoShuang Gu, Chen Peizhi, Zhou Youhua, Zhao Min, Kuang Anxiang, Li Xingjiao (1998), Reactions in preparing Bi4Ti3O12 ultrafine powders by sol-gel process. Ferroelectrics 211: 271–280.
- Horn A. Jeffrey, Zhang S C, Selvaraj U, Messing L. Gary, McKinstry-Trolier Susan (1999), Templated grain growth of textured bismuth titanate. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82(4): 921–926.
- Lin Xue, Lv Peng, Guan Qingfeng, Li Haibo, Zhai Hongjv, Liu Chunbo (2012), Bismuth titanate microspheres: Directed synthesis and their visible light photocatalytic activity. Applied Surface Science 258: 7146-7153.
- Liu Weiliang, Wang Xinqiang, Tian Dong, Xiao Chenglong, Wei Zengjiang, Chen Shouhua (2010), Chemical reaction and crystalline procedure of bismuth titanate nanoparticles derived by metalorganic decomposition technique. Materials Sciences and Applications 1: 91-96.
- Molla Rahaman Atiar, Tarafder Anal, Karmakar Basudeb (2016), Fabrication and properties of Nd3+- doped ferroelectric barium bismuth titanate glass-ceramic nanocomposites. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 680: 237-246.
- Ng Hwee Szu, Xue Junmin, Wang John (2002), Bismuth titanate from mechanical activation of a chemically coprecipitated precursor. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85(11): 2660-2665.
- Nogueira E. André, Longo Elson, Leite R. Edson, Camargo R. Emerson (2014), Synthesis and photo-
- catalytic properties of bismuth titanate with different structures via oxidant peroxo method
- (OPM). Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 415: 89–94.
- Osamu Y, Noboru M, Ken H (1991), Formation and characterization of alkoxy-derived Bi4Ti3O12. British Ceramic Transactions 90: 111–113.
- Pavlović Nikolina, Kancko Dejan, Szécsényi Mészáros Katalin, Srdić V. Vladimir (2009), Synthesis and characterization of Ce and La modified bismuth titanate. Processing and Application of Ceramics 3(1-2): 88-95.
- Sedlar M, Sayer M (1996), Structural and electrical properties of ferroelectric bismuth titanate thin films prepared by the sol–gel method. Ceramic International 22(3): 241–247.
- Shi Yanhui, Cao Changsheng, Feng Shouhua (2000), Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of Bi4Ti3O12. Materials Letter 46: 270–273.
- Wang-Ming Chun, Wang Feng Jin (2008), Aurivillius phase potassium bismuth titanate: K0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 91(3): 918-923.
- Yang Qunbao, Li Yongxiang, Yin Qingrui, Wang Peiling, Cheng Bing-Yi (2003), Bi4Ti3O12 nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 23: 161-166.
References
Chen Zhiwu, Yu Ying, HU Jianqiang, Shui Anze, HE Xinhua (2009), Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of Bi4Ti3O12 powders. Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 117(3): 264-267.
Gopalan Srikanth, Mehta Karun, Virkar V. Anil (1996), Synthesis of oxide perovskite solid solutions using the molten salt method. Journal of Materials Research 11(8): 1863–65.
Guha J.P. (1999), Reaction chemistry and sub solidus phase equilibria in lead-based relaxor systems: Part 1, formation and stability of the perovskite and pyrochlore compounds in the system PbO–MgO–Nb2O5. Journal of Materials Science 34(20): 4985–94.
HaoShuang Gu, Chen Peizhi, Zhou Youhua, Zhao Min, Kuang Anxiang, Li Xingjiao (1998), Reactions in preparing Bi4Ti3O12 ultrafine powders by sol-gel process. Ferroelectrics 211: 271–280.
Horn A. Jeffrey, Zhang S C, Selvaraj U, Messing L. Gary, McKinstry-Trolier Susan (1999), Templated grain growth of textured bismuth titanate. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82(4): 921–926.
Lin Xue, Lv Peng, Guan Qingfeng, Li Haibo, Zhai Hongjv, Liu Chunbo (2012), Bismuth titanate microspheres: Directed synthesis and their visible light photocatalytic activity. Applied Surface Science 258: 7146-7153.
Liu Weiliang, Wang Xinqiang, Tian Dong, Xiao Chenglong, Wei Zengjiang, Chen Shouhua (2010), Chemical reaction and crystalline procedure of bismuth titanate nanoparticles derived by metalorganic decomposition technique. Materials Sciences and Applications 1: 91-96.
Molla Rahaman Atiar, Tarafder Anal, Karmakar Basudeb (2016), Fabrication and properties of Nd3+- doped ferroelectric barium bismuth titanate glass-ceramic nanocomposites. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 680: 237-246.
Ng Hwee Szu, Xue Junmin, Wang John (2002), Bismuth titanate from mechanical activation of a chemically coprecipitated precursor. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85(11): 2660-2665.
Nogueira E. André, Longo Elson, Leite R. Edson, Camargo R. Emerson (2014), Synthesis and photo-
catalytic properties of bismuth titanate with different structures via oxidant peroxo method
(OPM). Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 415: 89–94.
Osamu Y, Noboru M, Ken H (1991), Formation and characterization of alkoxy-derived Bi4Ti3O12. British Ceramic Transactions 90: 111–113.
Pavlović Nikolina, Kancko Dejan, Szécsényi Mészáros Katalin, Srdić V. Vladimir (2009), Synthesis and characterization of Ce and La modified bismuth titanate. Processing and Application of Ceramics 3(1-2): 88-95.
Sedlar M, Sayer M (1996), Structural and electrical properties of ferroelectric bismuth titanate thin films prepared by the sol–gel method. Ceramic International 22(3): 241–247.
Shi Yanhui, Cao Changsheng, Feng Shouhua (2000), Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of Bi4Ti3O12. Materials Letter 46: 270–273.
Wang-Ming Chun, Wang Feng Jin (2008), Aurivillius phase potassium bismuth titanate: K0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15. Journal of the American Ceramic Society 91(3): 918-923.
Yang Qunbao, Li Yongxiang, Yin Qingrui, Wang Peiling, Cheng Bing-Yi (2003), Bi4Ti3O12 nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 23: 161-166.