Main Article Content
Abstract
The increasing student population, developmental, and commercial activities within the University of Lagos main campus have led to an increase in daily noise levels. These increasing noise disturbances have disrupted the serenity and tranquillity of the campus environment. In this study, the noise levels are assessed at thirty–four selected monitoring stations within the University of Lagos main campus. The assessment was done to determine the compliance of the University to international standards set by World Health Organisation for tolerable noise levels in different environmental types (or land use classes). Over a period of three days, the minimum, maximum and average noise levels at the stations were measured using the Extech 407730 sound level meter. In the analysis, noise level maps were produced using Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between the average observed noise levels and the set standard values. The noise levels measured in the study area ranged from 41.9 - 96.6dBA. It was observed that the minimum noise levels were associated mostly with residential and conservation areas; while the maximum noise levels were mostly associated with commercial areas, vehicle parks and transportation corridors. Generally, the noise levels exceeded the tolerable limits for academic, commercial and residential areas set by World Health Organisation. The results of this study serve as a valuable knowledge base to inform the University management on the need to implement abatement measures aimed at maintaining the noise levels within tolerable limits.
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References
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References
Akeh, G.I. and Mshelia, A.D. (2016), The Role of Geographic Information System in Urban Land Administration in Nigeria. MOJ Eoc Environ Sci 1(1): 00004. doi: 10.15406/mojes.2016.01.00004.
Aguilera, I. Foraster, M. Basagaña, X. Corradi, E. Deltell, A. Morelli, X. Phuleria, H.C. Ragettli, M.S. Rivera, M. Thomasson, A. Slama, R. and Künzli, N. (2015), Application of land use regression modelling to assess the spatial distribution of road traffic noise in three European cities. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., 25(1): 97–105. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25227731
Alam, W. (2011), GIS based assessment of noise pollution in Guwahati city of Assam, India. Int. J. Environ. Sci., 2(2): 743 – 751.
Can, A. Van Renterghem, T. Rademaker, M. Dauwe, S. Thomas, P. De Baets, B. and Bot-teldooren, D. (2011), Sampling approaches to predict urban street noise levels using fixed and temporary microphones. J. Environ. Monit., 13(10): 2710–2719.
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2011/em/c1em10292c
Carrier, M. Apparicio, P. and Séguin, A. (2016), Road traffic noise in Montreal and environmental equity: what is the situation for the most vulnerable population groups? J. Transp. Geogr., 51: 1-8, ISSN 0966-6923.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0966692315002021
Dass, H.K. (1988), Advanced engineering mathematics (First Edition ed.). https://books.google.com.ng/books?id=IkZLAgAAQBAJ&printsec=copyright&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false .
Devore, J.L. (2012), Probability and statistics for engineering and the sciences (Eighth ed.): Richard Stratton.
Eason, S. (2013), Strategic noise mapping with GIS for the Universitat Jaume I Smart Campus: Best Methodology Practices. M.Sc. Thesis. Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain. https://run.unl.pt/bitstream/10362/9194/1/TGEO0102.pdf
Extech (2013), Extech digital sound level meter. product datasheet. http://www.extech.com/resources/407730data.pdf
Extech (2014), Extech digital sound level meter model 407730. users guide. http://www.extech.com/resources/407730_UM.pdf
Farcaş, F. and Sivertunb, A. (2009), Road Traffic Noise: GIS Tools for Noise Mapping and a Case Study for Skåne Region. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Vol. 34, Part XXX. https://www.isprs.org/proceedings/xxxviii/2-W11/Farcas_Sivertun.pdf
Gholami, A. Nasiri, P. Monazzam, M. Gharagozlou, A. Monavvari, S.M. and Afrous, A. (2012), Evaluation of traffic noise pollution in a central area of Tehran through noise mapping in GIS. Adv. Environ. Biol., 6(8): 2365-2373.
http://www.aensiweb.com/old/aeb/2012/2365-2371.pdf
Gloaguen, J.R. Can, A. Lagrange, M. and Petiot, J.F. (2019), Road traffic sound level estimation from realistic urban sound mixtures by Non-negative matrix factorization. Appl. Acoust., 143: 229-238.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003682X18303475
Goshu, B.S. Mamo, H. and Zerihun, S. (2017), Urban noise: a case study in Dire-Dawa city, Ethiopia. Eur. J. Biophys., 5: 17-26.
Halperin, D. (2014), Environmental noise and sleep disturbances: a threat to health? Sleep. Sci., 7(4): 209–212.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1984006314000601
Hatamzadi, J. Talaiekhozani, A. and Ziaei, G. (2018), Evaluation of noise pollution in Ilam City in 2018. J. Air Pollut. Health., 3: 73-80.
Isaaks, E.H. and Srivastava, R.M. (1989). Applied geostatistics. Oxford University Press, New York. .
https://www.questia.com/library/62419760/applied-geostatistics
Leao, S. Ong, K. and Krezel, A. (2014). 2loud?: Community mapping of exposure to traffic noise with mobile phones. Environ. Monit. Assess., 186(10): 6193-206.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24920095
Lee, E.Y. Jerrett, M. Ross, Z. Coogan, P.F. and Seto, E.Y.W. (2014), Assessment of traffic-related noise in three cities in the United States. Environ. Res., 132:182-189. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24792415
Li, J. and Heap, A.D. (2008), A review of spatial interpolation methods for environmental scientists. Geoscience Australia, Record 2008/23.
https://d28rz98at9flks.cloudfront.net/68229/Rec2008_023.pdf
Luqman, Y.A. Rowland, A.G. Zhang, Y. and Zainab, U.O. (2013), Work environment noise levels and risk locations in two selected commercial areas in Ibadan, Nigeria. Global J. Med. Res., 13(6).
Maisonneuve, N. Stevens, M. and Ochab, B. (2010), Participatory noise pollution monitoring using mobile phones. Inf. Polity., 15(1,2):51–71.
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.5555/1858974.1858981
Monazzam, M.R. Abbaspour, E.K.M. Nassiri, P. and Taghavi, L. (2014), Spatial traffic noise pollution assessment – a case study. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health., 28(3):625-634. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26190737
Nassiri, P. Elham, K. Mohammad, R.M. Majid, A. and Lobat, T. (2016), Analytical comparison of traffic noise indices — a case study in District 14 of Tehran City. J. Low Freq. Noise. Vibr. Act. Control., 35(3): 221–229.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0263092316660917
Nwilo, P.C. (1998), Data Acquisition by Ground Survey Methods. In C.U. Ezeigbo (Ed.) Principles and Applications of Geographic Information Systems. Series in Surveying and Geoinformatics. ISBN 978-027-764-1.
Nwobi-Okoye, C.C. Uyaelumuo, A.E. Duru C.A. and Okoronkwo, G.O.O. (2015). Analysis and modelling of road traffic noise In Onitsha metropolis, Nigeria. Int. J. Adv. Multidiscip. Res., I(1): 1-20.
http://rex.commpan.com/index.php/ijamrr/article/view/35
Obaidat, M.T. (2008), Spatial mapping of traffic noise levels in urban areas. J. Transp. Res. Forum., 47(2): 89-102.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/69ca/2b0e8318a0097090948cfef833b66e3f19d6.pdf
Obiefuna, J.N. Bisong, F.E. and Ettah, E.B. (2013), A GIS analysis of noise islands in Calabar metropolis, Nigeria. J. Environ. Sci., (3), 12.
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3a11/7c932307724a169e9cd97b2679431420c1ff.pdf
Ragettli, M.S. Goudreau, S. Plante, C. Fournier, M. Hatzopoulou, M. Perron, S. and Smargiassi, A. (2016), Statistical modeling of the spatial variability of environmental noise levels in Montreal, Canada, using noise measurements and land use characteristics. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol., 26(6):597-605.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26732373
Ruge, L. Altakrouri, B. and Schrader, A. (2013), Sound of the city - continuous noise monitoring for a healthy city. In Proceedings of the 5thInternational Workshop on Smart Environments and Ambient Intelligen., 670–675.
http://www.csee.usf.edu/~mlabrador/Share/workshops/papers/p670-ruge.pdf
Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi, R. Zare, M. and Zare, S. (2013), Mapping of noise pollution by different interpolation methods in recovery section of Ghandi telecommunication Cables Company. JOHE, Winter-spring 2013; 2 (1-2). doi: 10.18869/acadpub.johe.2.1.2.1
Walker, J. Resnick, R. and Halliday, D. (2014), Fundamentals of physics (10th ed.).
http://www.primeuniversity.edu.bd/160517/vc/eBook/download/fundamentals-of-physics-textbook.pdf
WHO (2019), Guideline values (Date accessed: 18th December, 2019).
https://www.who.int/docstore/peh/noise/Comnoise-4.pdf
Zannin, P.H.T. (2013), Noise mapping of an educational environment. Can. Acoust., 41(1): 27-34.
https://jcaa.caa-aca.ca/index.php/jcaa/article/view/2600
Zare, S. Hasheminejad, N. Shirvan, H.E. Hasanvand, D. Hemmatjo, R. and Ahmadi, S. (2018), Assessing individual and environmental sound pressure level and sound mapping in Iranian safety shoes factory. Romanian J. Acoust. Vib., 15(1).
http://rjav.sra.ro/index.php/rjav/article/view/46/33
Zuo, F. Li, Y. Johnson, S. Johnson, J. Varughese, S. Copes, R. Liu, F. Wu, H.J. Hou, R. and Chen, H. (2014), Temporal and spatial variability of traffic-related noise in the city of Toronto, Canada. Sci. Total. Environ., 15;472:1100-1107.