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Abstract
Bentonite used during drilling and cementing operations in Nigeria are imported into the country despite the availability of this raw material, which will increase the Gross Domestic Products (GDP) of this country if properly processed and utilized instead of imported bentonite. This investigation evaluated the performance of three selected Nigerian bentonites sourced from the South-Western part of Nigeria for oil well-cementing operation. The raw and beneficiated samples from each location were prepared and characterized using X-ray Fluorescence (IVT-20 XRF) to determine the elemental composition of each sample pre and post beneficiation. The beneficiated sample with properties close to that of Wyoming bentonite was chosen for the oil well cement slurry analysis. The measured parameters used in the analysis of the suitability of local samples used in oil well-cementing operation were compressive strength and rheological properties. Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used for the study of the optimum quantity of bentonite required for cementing specification and bi-optimization values for both the comprehensive and rheological properties. The results of this investigation showed that all local clay samples in raw form failed the specification of the American Petroleum Institute (API). After beneficiation, Ibeshe Bentonite (IB) had the highest sodium content and the ratio of the exchangeable cations, 190% increment in sodium-ion was recorded in IB after beneficiation and the slurry yield of IB (2.7 ft3 per sack) was greater than that of Wyoming Bentonite 1.9 ft3 per sack) when both are subjected to the same experimental condition. Bi-optimization models predicted optimum experimental conditions with an accuracy of between 0.35 and, 1.26 % for both comprehensive and rheological parameters
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References
- Abdullahi, A. S., Ibrahim, A. A., Muhammad, M. A., Kwaya, M. Y., & Mustapha, S. (2011). Comparative Evaluation of Rheological Properties of Standard Commercial Bentonite and a Locally Beneficiated Bentonitic Clay from a Marine Deposit in Upper Benue Basin , Nigeria. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 1(4), 211–221.
- Adeleye, J. O., Salam, K. K., & Adetunde, I. A. (2009). Analysis of rheological properties of treated nigerian clay using factorial design. European Journal of Scientific Research, 37(3).
- Afolabi, R. O., Orodu, O. D., & Efeovbokhan, V. E. (2017). Applied Clay Science Properties and application of Nigerian bentonite clay deposits for drilling mud formulation : Recent advances and future prospects. Applied Clay Science, 143, 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.03.009
- Ahmad, S., Barbhuiya, S. A., & Elahi, A. (2011). Effect of Pakistani bentonite on properties of mortar and concrete. February 2019. https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2011.046.1.85
- Boniface, O. A., & Appah, D. (2014). Analysis of Nigerian Local Cement for Slurry Design in Oil and Gas Well Cementation. 5(July), 176–181.
- Dewu, B. B. M., Arabi, S. A., Oladipo, M. O. A., Funtua, I. I., Mohammed-Dabo, I. . A., & Muhammad, M. A. (2011). Improvement of Rheological Properties of Bentonitic Clays Using Sodium Carbonate and a Synthetic Viscosifier. International Archive of Applied Sciences and Technology, 2(December), 43–52.
- Dontsova, K., & Norton, L. D. (2001). Effects of Exchangeable Ca : Mg Ratio on Soil Clay Flocculation , Infiltration and Erosion. Sustaining the Global Farm. Selected Papers from The10th International Soil Conservation Organization Meeting at Purdue University, 571–578.
- Falode, O. A., Salam, K. K., Arinkoola, A. O., & Ajagbe, B. M. (2013). Prediction of compressive strength of oil field class G cement slurry using factorial design. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-013-0071-0
- James, O. O., Adediran, M. M., Adekola, F. A., Odebunmi, E. O., & Adekeye, J. I. D. (2008). Beneficiation and Characterisation of a Bentonite From North-Eastern Nigeria. Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science, 124(4), 154–158.
- Kaduku, T., Daramola, M. O., Obazu, F. O., & Iyuke, S. E. (2015). Synthesis of sodium silicate from South African coal fly ash and its use as an extender in oil well cement applications. June, 1175–1182.
- Mark, U. (2010). Characterization of Ibere and Oboro clay deposits in Abia state, Nigeria for refractory applications. International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(3), 296–305.
- Mesubi, M. A., Adekola, F. A., Odebunmi, E. O., Adekeye, J. I. D., State, O., & Science, M. (2008). BENEFICIATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF A BENTONITE FROM NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA. Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science, 124(4), 154–158.
- Nweke, O. M., Igwe, E. O., & Nnabo, P. N. (2015). Comparative evaluation of clays from Abakaliki Formation with commercial bentonite clays for use as drilling mud. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 9(June), 508–518. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST2015.1904
- Oriji, A. B., Lawal, F. S., Bala, Z., & Engineering, G. (2014). Evaluating the Efficiency of Nigerian Local Bentonite as an Extender in Oil Well Cementation. 28, 78–88.
- Oualit, M., Irekti, A., & Hami, B. (2018). Evaluation of the performance of local cement for oil well cementing operations in Algeria. 5, 5–13.
- Salam, K. K., Adeleye, O. J., & Arinkoola, A. O. (2010). Evaluation of rheological properties of beneficiated locally sourced mud using factorial design. International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJOGCT.2010.033561
- Salam, K. K., Arinkoola, A. O., Ajagbe, B. M., & Sanni, O. (2015). Modeling of rheological properties of class G cement slurry. Petroleum and Coal, 57(5).
- Salam, K. K., Arinkoola, A. O., Ajagbe, B., & Sanni, O. (2013). Evaluation of Thickening Time of Oil Field Class G Cement Slurry at High Temperature and Pressure using Experimental Design. 2(August), 361–367.
References
Abdullahi, A. S., Ibrahim, A. A., Muhammad, M. A., Kwaya, M. Y., & Mustapha, S. (2011). Comparative Evaluation of Rheological Properties of Standard Commercial Bentonite and a Locally Beneficiated Bentonitic Clay from a Marine Deposit in Upper Benue Basin , Nigeria. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 1(4), 211–221.
Adeleye, J. O., Salam, K. K., & Adetunde, I. A. (2009). Analysis of rheological properties of treated nigerian clay using factorial design. European Journal of Scientific Research, 37(3).
Afolabi, R. O., Orodu, O. D., & Efeovbokhan, V. E. (2017). Applied Clay Science Properties and application of Nigerian bentonite clay deposits for drilling mud formulation : Recent advances and future prospects. Applied Clay Science, 143, 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.03.009
Ahmad, S., Barbhuiya, S. A., & Elahi, A. (2011). Effect of Pakistani bentonite on properties of mortar and concrete. February 2019. https://doi.org/10.1180/claymin.2011.046.1.85
Boniface, O. A., & Appah, D. (2014). Analysis of Nigerian Local Cement for Slurry Design in Oil and Gas Well Cementation. 5(July), 176–181.
Dewu, B. B. M., Arabi, S. A., Oladipo, M. O. A., Funtua, I. I., Mohammed-Dabo, I. . A., & Muhammad, M. A. (2011). Improvement of Rheological Properties of Bentonitic Clays Using Sodium Carbonate and a Synthetic Viscosifier. International Archive of Applied Sciences and Technology, 2(December), 43–52.
Dontsova, K., & Norton, L. D. (2001). Effects of Exchangeable Ca : Mg Ratio on Soil Clay Flocculation , Infiltration and Erosion. Sustaining the Global Farm. Selected Papers from The10th International Soil Conservation Organization Meeting at Purdue University, 571–578.
Falode, O. A., Salam, K. K., Arinkoola, A. O., & Ajagbe, B. M. (2013). Prediction of compressive strength of oil field class G cement slurry using factorial design. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-013-0071-0
James, O. O., Adediran, M. M., Adekola, F. A., Odebunmi, E. O., & Adekeye, J. I. D. (2008). Beneficiation and Characterisation of a Bentonite From North-Eastern Nigeria. Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science, 124(4), 154–158.
Kaduku, T., Daramola, M. O., Obazu, F. O., & Iyuke, S. E. (2015). Synthesis of sodium silicate from South African coal fly ash and its use as an extender in oil well cement applications. June, 1175–1182.
Mark, U. (2010). Characterization of Ibere and Oboro clay deposits in Abia state, Nigeria for refractory applications. International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 6(3), 296–305.
Mesubi, M. A., Adekola, F. A., Odebunmi, E. O., Adekeye, J. I. D., State, O., & Science, M. (2008). BENEFICIATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF A BENTONITE FROM NORTH-EASTERN NIGERIA. Journal of the North Carolina Academy of Science, 124(4), 154–158.
Nweke, O. M., Igwe, E. O., & Nnabo, P. N. (2015). Comparative evaluation of clays from Abakaliki Formation with commercial bentonite clays for use as drilling mud. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 9(June), 508–518. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJEST2015.1904
Oriji, A. B., Lawal, F. S., Bala, Z., & Engineering, G. (2014). Evaluating the Efficiency of Nigerian Local Bentonite as an Extender in Oil Well Cementation. 28, 78–88.
Oualit, M., Irekti, A., & Hami, B. (2018). Evaluation of the performance of local cement for oil well cementing operations in Algeria. 5, 5–13.
Salam, K. K., Adeleye, O. J., & Arinkoola, A. O. (2010). Evaluation of rheological properties of beneficiated locally sourced mud using factorial design. International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.1504/IJOGCT.2010.033561
Salam, K. K., Arinkoola, A. O., Ajagbe, B. M., & Sanni, O. (2015). Modeling of rheological properties of class G cement slurry. Petroleum and Coal, 57(5).
Salam, K. K., Arinkoola, A. O., Ajagbe, B., & Sanni, O. (2013). Evaluation of Thickening Time of Oil Field Class G Cement Slurry at High Temperature and Pressure using Experimental Design. 2(August), 361–367.