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Abstract
Residual softwood sawdust (RSS) was added to polystyrene (PS) that has molecular weight 280000 g/mol. The PS composite was prepared by melt mixing technique. The dynamic mechanical tests are carried out using ARES-rheometer (Rheometric Scientific, USA) in the dynamic mode and parallel plate geometry with diameter 25 mm. The measurements were performed at temperatures ranging from 140 to 240°C and frequencies varied from 0.1 to 100 rad/s at strain 1% and gap setting 2 mm. The dynamic mechanical properties in terms of complex modulus, G*, torque, compliance moduli, loss tangent and complex viscosity has been studied for fiber-filled PS composite. The viscoelastic properties of the filled and unfilled systems have been compared. These properties are found to be improved by the addition of RSS. The dynamic mechanical moduli and viscosity were found to rise with fiber loading.
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References
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References
Angles, M.N., Salvado, J. and Dufresne, A., 1999, " J. of Applied Polymer Science," Vol. 74, pp. 1962-1977.
Bledzki, A.K., Reihmane, S. and Gassan, J., 1996, "J. of Applied Polymer Science," Vol. 59, pp. 1329-1336.
Fang, Z. and Hu, Q., 1999, "Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie," Vol. 265(Nr.4474), pp. 1-4.
Felix, J.M. and Gatenholm, P., 1991, "J. of Applied Polymer Science," Vol. 42, pp. 609-620.
Ferry, J.D., 1980, "Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers", 3rd ed. Wiley, New York.
Gatenholm, P., Bertilsson, H. and Mathiasson, A., 1993, " J. of Applied Polymer Science," Vol. 49, pp. 197-208.
George, J., Bhagawan, S.S., Prabhakaran, N. and Thomas, S., 1995, "J. of Applied Polymer Science," Vol. .57, pp. 843-854.
Heinrich, G. and Klüppel, M., 2002, "Advances in Polymer Science," Vol. 160, pp. 1-29.
Hornsby, P.R., 1999, " Advances in Polymer Science," Vol. 139, pp. 1-213.
Hu, X., et al. 2003, "Macromolecules," Vol. 36, pp. 823- 829.
Kim, J.I., Ryu, S.H. and Y.W.Chang., 2000. "J.of Applied Polymer Science," Vol. 77, pp. 2595-2602.
Lee, K.M. and Han, C.D., 2003, " Polymer," Vp;. 44, pp. 4573-4588.
Lowys, M.P., Desbrieres, J. and Rinaudo, M., 2000, " Food Hydrocolloids," Vol. 15, pp. 25-32.
Mahmoud A.-Halim Abdel-Goad, 2000, PhD thesis, Muenster University, Germany.
Marchant, D. and Jayaraman, K., 2002, Ind.Eng.Chem.Res., Vol. 41, pp. 6402-6408.
Mcginness, G.B. and Bradaigh, C.M.O., 1997, "J.Non- Newtonian Fluid Mech," Vol. 73, pp. 1-28.
Mitsuishi, K., 1997, "Die Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie," Vol. 248, pp. 73-83.
Mohanty, A.K., Misra, M. and Hinrichsen, H., 2000, "Macromol.Mater.Eng," Vol. 276/277, pp. 1-24.
Nam, J.D. and Sefferis, J.C., 1999, " J.of Polymer Science:Part B:Polymer Physics," Vol. 37, pp. 907- 918.
Pearson, D., Fetters, L. and Grassley, W., 1994, " Macromolecules," Vol. 27, pp. 711-719.
Ray, S.S., Maiti, P., Okamoto, M., Yamada, K. and Ueda, K., 2002, " Macromolecules," Vol. 35, pp. 3104-3110.
Roy, D., Bhowmick, A.K. and De, S.K., 1993, " J. of Applied Polymer Science," Vol.49, pp. 263-273.
Saha, A.K., Das, S., Bhatta, D. and Mitra, B.C., 1999, " J. of Applied Polymer Science," Vol. 71, pp. 1505-1513.
Solomon, M.J., et al. 2001, "Maromolecules," Vol. 34, pp. 1864-1872.
Swerin, C., 1998, "Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects," Vol. 133, pp. 279-294.
Tavman, J.H., 1996, " J.of Applied Polymer Science," Vol. 62, pp. 2161-2167.
Wang, X., Wu, O., Dong, J., Hu, Y. and Qi, Z., 2002, " J.of Applied Polymer Science," Vol. 85, pp. .2913- 2921.
Zhang. Q. and Archer, L.A., 2002, "Langmuir," Vol. 18, pp. 10435-10442.