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Abstract
Bitumen blends were prepared for road applications by the introduction of 9% of waste Polyethylene by weight (9 wt%). The relaxation stress, relaxation and retardation spectrum and viscosity of bitumen blends were studied at different temperatures and compared to those of the original pure bitumen. These properties were tested using an ARESRheometer (Rheometric Scientific, Co.) equipment. The measurements were performed in the dynamic mode, plate-plate geometry of 8 mm diameter over the temperature range from -10 to 60°C and angular frequency (ω) varied from 10-1 to 102 radian/s. The relaxation stress and viscosity were modified by the addition of waste PE. The results also indicate that the incorporation of the waste PE enhances stability of the bitumen blends.
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References
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References
Abdel-Goad, M., 2000, "PhD Thesis," Muenster University, Germany.
Airey, G.D., 2003, "Fuel," Vol. 82, pp. 1709-1719.
Airey, G.D., 2003, "Fuel," Vol. 82, pp. 1709-1719.
Anhorn J. L. and Badakhshan A., 1994, " Fuel," Vol. 73, pp. 1499-1503.
Bonemazzi F. and Giavarini C., 1999, "Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering," Vol. 22, pp. 17- 24.
Champion-Lapalu, L., Wilson, A., Fuchs, G., Scramoncin, C., Martin, D., Planche, J.P., 2002, "Energy & Fuels," pp. 143-147.
Eastick, R. R. and Mehrotra, A. K., 1990, "Fuel Processing Technology," Vol. 26, pp. 25-37.
El Akrami, H.A., Yardim, M.F., Ekinci, E., 1999, "Energy & Fuels," Vol. 13, pp. 1030-1036.
Fawcett, A. H. and McNally, T., 2000, "Polymer," Vol. 41, pp. 5315-5326.
Fawcett, A.H. and Lor, S.K., 1992, "Polymer," Vol. 33, pp. 2003-2006.
Ferry, J.D., 1980 "Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers", 3rd ed. ( Wiley, New York).
García-Morales, M., Partal, P., Navarro, F. J., Martínez- Boza, F., Gallegos, C., González, N., González, O. and Muñoz, M.E., 2004, "Fuel," Vol. 83, pp. 31-38.
García-Morales, M., Partal, P., Navarro, F.J., Martínez- Boza, F., Gallegos, C., González, González, O., and Muñoz, M.E., 2004, "Fuel," Vol. 83, pp. 31-38.
Garcìa-Pèrez M., Chaala A., Yang J. and Roy C., 2001, "Fuel," Vol. 80, pp. 1245-1258.
Herrington, P.R., Wu, Y. and Forbes, M.C., 1999, "Fuel," Vol. 78, pp. 101-110.
Japanwala, S., Chung, K.H., Dettman, H.D., Gray, M.R., 2002, "Energy & Fuels," Vol. 16, pp. 477- 484.
Lu, X. and Isacsson, U., 2000, "Polymer Testing," Vol. 20, pp. 77-86.
Mastrofini, D. and Scarsella, M., 2001, "Fuel," Vol. 42, p. 24.
Mehrotra, A. K., 1991, "Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering," Vol. 5, pp. 261-272.
Michaelian K.H., Zhang S.L., Hall R.H. and Bulmer J.T., 2001, "Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy," Vol. 57, pp. 73-81, 2001.
Oh, K., Deo, M.D., 2002, "Energy & Fuels," Vol. 16, pp. 694-699.
Parker, R.J., McFarlane, R.A., 2000, "Energy & Fuels," Vol. 14, pp. 11-13.
Pérez-Lepe, A., Martínez-Boza, F.J., Gallegos, C., González, O., Muñoz, M.E. and Santamaría, A., 2003, "Fuel," Vol. 82, pp. 1339-1348.
Proctor, L.M., Toy, E., Lapham, L., Cherrier, J., Chanton, J.P., 2001, "Environ. Sci. Technol," Vol. 35, pp. 1420- 1424.
Raki, L., Masson, J.F., Collins, P., 2000, "Energy & Fuels," Vol. 14, pp. 160-163.
Saha, A.K., Das, S., Bhatta, D. and Mitra, B.C., 1999, "J. of Applied Polymer Science," Vol. .71, pp. 1505- 1513.
Yarranton, H.W., lboudwarej, H.A., Jakher, R., 2000, "Ind. Eng. Chem. Res," Vol. 39, pp. 2916-2924.
Yui S., 1997, "Fuel and Energy Abstracts," Vol. 38, pp. 78.
Zhao, L. S. Kotlyar, J. R. Woods, B. D. Sparks, K. Hardacre and K. H. Chung, 2001, "Fuel," Vol. 80, pp. 1155-1163.
Zhao, Y., Gray, M.R., Chung, K.H., 2001, "Energy & Fuels," Vol. 15, pp. 751-755.