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Abstract
Case Carburized (CC) low carbon steels containing Ni, Cr and Mo alloying elements are widely used for transmission gears in automobile, as it possesses desired mechanical properties. In order to cut cost and save scarce materials like Ni and Mo for strategic applications, steel alloyed with Boron has been developed, which gives properties comparable to Ni-Cr-Mo alloyed steel. In the process of steel development, care was taken to ensure precipitation of boron which results in precipitation hardening. The characterization of the developed boron steel had exhibited properties comparable to Ni-Cr-Mo alloyed steel and superior to conventional boron steel.
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References
- Azarkevich, A.A., Kovalenko, L.V. and Krasnopolskii, V.M., 1995, "The Optimum Content of Boron in Steel," J. of Metal Science and Heat Treatment, Vol. 37(1-2), pp. 22-24.
- Bensely, A., Venkatesh, S., Lal, D.M., Nagarajan, G., Rajadurai, A. and Junik, K., 2008, "Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Distribution of Residual Stress in Case Carburized EN353 Steel," Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 479, pp. 229-235.
- Bepari, M.M.A. and Shorowordi, K.M, 2004, "Effects of Molybdenum and Nickel Additions on the Structure and Properties of Carburized and Hardened Low Carbon Steels," J. of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 155-156, pp. 1972-1979.
- Brownrigg, A., 1973, "Boron in Steel- A Literature Review 1956-1972," J. of Australian Institute of Metals, Vol. 18(3), pp. 124-136.
- Davis, J.R., 2000, ASM Specialty Handbook, ASM International.
- Irvine, K.J. and Pickering, F.B., 1957, J. of Iron and Steel Institute, Vol.187, pp. 292-302.
- Irvine, K.J. and Pickering, F.B., 1963, J. of Iron and Steel Institute, Vol. 201, pp. 518-526.
- Kapadia, B.M., Brown, R.M. and Murphy, W.J., 1968, "The Influence of Nitrogen, Titanium and Zirconium on the Boron Hardenability Effect in Constructional Alloy Steels," Trans. of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, Vol. 242, pp. 1689-1694.
- Melloy, G.F., Slimmon, P.R. and Podgursky, P.P., 1973, "Optimizing the Boron Effect," J. of Metallurgical and Materials Transaction B, Vol. 4(10), pp. 2279- 2289.
- Mohanty, O.N., 1995, "On the Stabilization of Retained Austenite: Mechanism and Kinetics," Materials Science and Engineering B, Vol. 32, pp. 267-278.
- Parrish, G., 1999, "Carburizing: Microstructure and Properties," ASM International.
- Rahrer, G.D. and Armstrong, C.D., 1947, "The Effect of Carbon Content on the Hardenability of Boron Steels," Trans. of the ASM, Vol. 40, pp. 1099-1112.
- Stumpf, W. and Banks, K., 2006, "The Hot Working Characteristics of a Boron Bearing and a Conventional Low Carbon Steel," Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 418, pp. 86-94.
- Szuch, R.L. and Delve, F.D., 1967, "Hardenability of Boron Treated Carbon Steels," J. of Blast Furnace and Steel Plant, pp. 930-936.
- Thelning, K.E., 1974, "Steel and its Heat Treatment," Bofors Handbook, Butterworths, London, pp. 466 - 471.
- Tikhonov, A.K. and Palagin, Y.M., 1994, "Method of Testing Gear Wheels in Impact Bending, Technical Information," Metal Science and Heat Treatment, Vol. 36(12), pp. 655 -657.
- Treppschuh, H., Randak, A., Domalski, H.H. and Kurzeja, J., 1967, “Influence of Boron in the Properties of Structure Steels and Tool Steel,” Vol. 87, pp. 1355-1366.
- Wilks, T.P., Cavallaro, G.P., Subramanian, C., Strafford, K.N., French, P. and Allison, J. E., 1994, "Conditions Prevailing in the Carburizing Process and their Effect on the Fatigue Properties of Carburized Gears," J. of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 40, pp. 111- 125.
References
Azarkevich, A.A., Kovalenko, L.V. and Krasnopolskii, V.M., 1995, "The Optimum Content of Boron in Steel," J. of Metal Science and Heat Treatment, Vol. 37(1-2), pp. 22-24.
Bensely, A., Venkatesh, S., Lal, D.M., Nagarajan, G., Rajadurai, A. and Junik, K., 2008, "Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Distribution of Residual Stress in Case Carburized EN353 Steel," Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 479, pp. 229-235.
Bepari, M.M.A. and Shorowordi, K.M, 2004, "Effects of Molybdenum and Nickel Additions on the Structure and Properties of Carburized and Hardened Low Carbon Steels," J. of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 155-156, pp. 1972-1979.
Brownrigg, A., 1973, "Boron in Steel- A Literature Review 1956-1972," J. of Australian Institute of Metals, Vol. 18(3), pp. 124-136.
Davis, J.R., 2000, ASM Specialty Handbook, ASM International.
Irvine, K.J. and Pickering, F.B., 1957, J. of Iron and Steel Institute, Vol.187, pp. 292-302.
Irvine, K.J. and Pickering, F.B., 1963, J. of Iron and Steel Institute, Vol. 201, pp. 518-526.
Kapadia, B.M., Brown, R.M. and Murphy, W.J., 1968, "The Influence of Nitrogen, Titanium and Zirconium on the Boron Hardenability Effect in Constructional Alloy Steels," Trans. of the Metallurgical Society of AIME, Vol. 242, pp. 1689-1694.
Melloy, G.F., Slimmon, P.R. and Podgursky, P.P., 1973, "Optimizing the Boron Effect," J. of Metallurgical and Materials Transaction B, Vol. 4(10), pp. 2279- 2289.
Mohanty, O.N., 1995, "On the Stabilization of Retained Austenite: Mechanism and Kinetics," Materials Science and Engineering B, Vol. 32, pp. 267-278.
Parrish, G., 1999, "Carburizing: Microstructure and Properties," ASM International.
Rahrer, G.D. and Armstrong, C.D., 1947, "The Effect of Carbon Content on the Hardenability of Boron Steels," Trans. of the ASM, Vol. 40, pp. 1099-1112.
Stumpf, W. and Banks, K., 2006, "The Hot Working Characteristics of a Boron Bearing and a Conventional Low Carbon Steel," Materials Science and Engineering A, Vol. 418, pp. 86-94.
Szuch, R.L. and Delve, F.D., 1967, "Hardenability of Boron Treated Carbon Steels," J. of Blast Furnace and Steel Plant, pp. 930-936.
Thelning, K.E., 1974, "Steel and its Heat Treatment," Bofors Handbook, Butterworths, London, pp. 466 - 471.
Tikhonov, A.K. and Palagin, Y.M., 1994, "Method of Testing Gear Wheels in Impact Bending, Technical Information," Metal Science and Heat Treatment, Vol. 36(12), pp. 655 -657.
Treppschuh, H., Randak, A., Domalski, H.H. and Kurzeja, J., 1967, “Influence of Boron in the Properties of Structure Steels and Tool Steel,” Vol. 87, pp. 1355-1366.
Wilks, T.P., Cavallaro, G.P., Subramanian, C., Strafford, K.N., French, P. and Allison, J. E., 1994, "Conditions Prevailing in the Carburizing Process and their Effect on the Fatigue Properties of Carburized Gears," J. of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 40, pp. 111- 125.