Article Sidebar

Submitted
Apr 14, 2017
Published
Dec 1, 2000
Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 333 Download : 243

Main Article Content

Abstract

A versatile Propagation Simulation Program (PSP) is developed to assess the degrading effects caused by the concurrent occurrences of an arbitrary mixture of ice plates and needles, melting snow and raindrops which may impede the reliability of dual-polarized satellite communications systems carrying independent channels on a single radio path. Specifically, results are presented for the Cross Polarization Discrimination (XPD) due to ice and rain, differential attenuation, Da, and differential phase shift, Df, due to rain and average specific attenuation, a, and phase shift, f , due to the melting layer at hitherto unconsidered frequencies. The inclusion of an ice-cloud medium is found to possess significant effects on rain-induced XPD even for low ice concentrations, particularly at low fade levels. The relative contribution of the melting layer on rain-induced attenuation is extensively studied for frequencies from 1 to 100 GHz and rain rates below 20 mm/h.

Keywords

Dual-Polarized Satellite Cross Polarization Discrimination .

Article Details

References

  1. AJASE S.O. and SADIKU N.O. 1995. Computation of attenuation, phase rotation, and cross polarization of radio waves due to rainfall in tropical regions, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., AP-43: 1-5.
  2. AJAYA G.O. and OLSEN R.L. 1985. Modeling of a tropical raindrop size distribution for microwave and millimeter wave application, Radio Sci., 21: 193-202.
  3. ALLNUT J.E., 1989. Satellite-to-Ground Radio Wave Propagation.: Peter Peregrinus Ltd.London, U.K
  4. AL-RIZZO H.M. and TRANQUILLA J.M. 1997. Application of the generalized multipole technique (GMT) to high-frequency electromagnetic scattering from perfectly conducting and dielectric bodies of revolution, J. Comput. Phys., 136: 1-18.
  5. AL-RIZZO H.M., AL-HAFID H.T., and TRANQUILLA J.M. 2000. Electromagnetic modeling of the propagation characteristics of satellite communications through composite precipitation media, part I: mathematical formulation,. SQUJ. Scientific Res. Science and Tech , 5: 47-54.
  6. DE WOLF D.A. and ZWIESLER A.J. 1996. Rayleigh-Mie approximation for line-of-sight propagation through rain at 5-90 GHz, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., AP-44: 273-279.
  7. DISSANAYAKE A.W. and MCEWAN N.J. 1978. Radar and attenuation properties of rain and bright band, IEE Conf. Publ. 169: 125-129.
  8. EKPENYONG B.E. and SRIVASTAVA R.C. 1970. (February), Radar characteristics of the melting layer- A theoretical study, Tech. Rep. No. 16, Dept. of the Geophys. Sci., The University of Chicago and Illinois Inst. of Techn., Dept. of Elect. Eng., Chicago, Illinois.
  9. EVANS B.G. and HOLT A.R. May 1980. A review of theoretical prediction techniques of transmission parameters for slant-path, earth-space communications, NATO AGARD Conf. On Propagation Effects in Space-Earth paths, London.
  10. FANG D.J. and LEE F.J. 1978. Tabulation of raindrop induced forward and backward scattering amplitudes, Comsat. Tech. Rev., 8: 455-486.
  11. HOLT A.R., UZUNOGLU N.K., and EVANS B.G. 1978. An integral equation solution to the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by dielectric spheroids and ellipsoids, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., AP-26: 706-712.
  12. KHARADLY M. M. Z. and OWEN N. 1988. (August), Microwave propagation through the melting layer at grazing angles of incidence, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., AP-36: 1106-1113.
  13. KLAASSEN W., 1988 (December). Radar observations and simulation of the melting layer of precipitation, J. Atmos. Sci., 45: 3741-3753.
  14. LAWS J.O. and PARSONS D.A. 1948. The relation of raindrop size to intensity, J. Meteorol., 5: 165-166.
  15. LI LE-WEI, PANG-SHYAN KOOI, MOOK-SENG LEONG, TAT-SOON YEO, and MIN-ZHAN GAO, 1995. Microwave attenuation by realistically distorted raindrops: Part I- Theory, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., AP-43: 811-821.
  16. MORRISON J.A. and. CROSS M.J. 1974. Scattering of a plane electromagnetic wave by axisymmetric raindrops, Bell Syst. Tech. J., 53: 955-1019.
  17. OGUCHI T., 1964. Attenuation of electromagnetic waves due to rain with distorted raindrops (Part II), J. Radio Res. Labs., 11: 19-44.
  18. OGUCHI T., 1977. Scattering properties of Pruppacher-and-Pitter form raindrops and cross polarization due to rain : calculations at 11, 13, 19.3 and 34.8 GHz, Radio Sci., 12: 41-51.
  19. OLSEN R.L., ROGERS D.V., and HODGE D.B. 1978. The aRb relation in the calculation of rain attenuation, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., AP-26: 318-329.
  20. PERSINGER R.P., STUTZMAN W.L., CASTLE R.E. and BOSTIAN C.W. 1980. Millimeter wave attenuation prediction using a piecewise uniform rain rate model, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., AP-28: 149-153.
  21. PRUPPACHER R. and. PITTER R.L. 1971. A semi-empirical determination of the shape of cloud and rain drops, J. Atmos. Sci., 28: 86-94.
  22. SEOW YONG-LEE, LE-WEI LI, MOOK-SENG LEONG PANG-SHYAN KOOI, and TAT-SOON YEO, 1998. An efficient TCS formula for rainfall microwave attenuation: T-matrix approach and 3-D fitting for oblate spheroidal raindrops, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., AP-46: 1176-1181.
  23. STUTZMAN W.L. and DISHMAN W.K. 1982. A simple model for the estimation of rain-induced attenuation along earth-space paths at millimeter wavelengths, Radio Sci., 17: 1465-476.
  24. TRANQUILLA J. M. and AL-RIZZO H. M. 1994. (February), Investigation of GPS precise relative positioning during periods of ice clouds and snowfall precipitation, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., AP- 42: 157-165.
  25. WARNER C. and HIZAL A., 1976. Scattering and depolarization of microwaves by spheroidal raindrops, Radio Sci., 11: 921-930.