Article Sidebar
Downloads
Main Article Content
Abstract
Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is a freshwater fish which distributed widely in the East of India mainly across Malay Peninsula and Indochinese Peninsula, it is also broadly distributed in the Southern areas of East Asia including, southeastern China, Western Japanese Archipelago, and Korean Peninsula. It lives in muddy places, rice paddies, and slow-flowing currents areas. It has a unique morphological elongated body which is similar to snake and covered with a thick layer of the mucus. The objective of this study is to screen the cytotoxic activity of eel skin mucus extracts and to evaluate the mechanism of cell death whether it is apoptosis or necrosis based on caspases activity assays. For this purpose; eel skin mucus was collected from healthy fresh eels to prepare aqueous and methanol extracts. Preliminary cytotoxicity study was demonstrated against Non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell line (A549) using cell viability assay which revealed that methanol extract is more potent than aqueous extract; the revealed data was based on the response of ESM methanol and aqueous extracts to the relevant IC50 concentrations as IC50 values were 621±0.09 µg/mL and 845 ± 0.25 µg/mL respectively. Subsequently, the mechanism of cell death induced cell death through triggering apoptosis by the activation of caspase-3/7, 8 and 9. In conclusion, the present study has revealed the cytotoxic potentials of eel skin mucus which may lead to the development of new anticancer agents.
Keywords
Article Details
References
- Abdullah, A. S. H., Mohammed, A. S., Rasedee, A., Mirghani, M. E. S., & Al-Qubaisi, M. S. (2015). Induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, MDA-MB231 cells, by ethanolic mango seed extract. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 15(1), 45.
- Bragadeeswaran, S., & Thangaraj, S. (2011). Hemolytic and antibacterial studies on skin mucus of eel fish, Anguilla anguilla Linnaues, 1758. Asian J. Biol. Sci, 4, 272-276.
- Chang, H. Y., & Yang, X. (2000). Proteases for cell suicide: functions and regulation of caspases. Microbiology and molecular biology reviews, 64(4), 821-846.
- Cheng, H., Guo, Y., Yu, Q., & Zhou, R. (2003). The rice field eel as a model system for vertebrate sexual development. Cytogenetic and genome research, 101(3-4), 274-277.
- Eriksson, D., Riklund, K., Johansson, L., & Stigbrand, T. (2008). Radiation Induced Cell Deaths. In Stigbrand T., Carlsson J. and Adams G. P. (Eds.). Targeted Radionuclide Tumour Therapy (pp. 215-248), Springer.
- Fadok, V. A., Bratton, D. L., Rose, D. M., Pearson, A., Ezekewitz, R. A., & Henson, P. M. (2000). A receptor for phosphatidylserine-specific clearance of apoptotic cells. Nature, 405 (6782), 85-90.
- Fan, T.-J., Han, L.-H., Cong, R.-S., & Liang, J. (2005). Caspase Family Proteases and Apoptosis. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica, 37 (11), 719-727.
- Hu, H., Jiang, C., Ip, C., Rustum, Y. M., & Lü, J. (2005). Methylseleninic acid potentiates apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Clinical cancer research, 11(6), 2379-2388.
- Kawasaki, H., & Iwamuro, S. (2008). Potential roles of histones in host defense as antimicrobial agents. Infectious Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Infectious Disorders), 8(3), 195-205.
- Leong, K. H., Looi, C. Y., Loong, X. M., Cheah, F. K., Supratman, U., Litaudon, M., ... & Awang, K. (2016). Cycloart-24-ene-26-ol-3-one, a new Cycloartane isolated from leaves of Aglaia Exima triggers tumour necrosis factor-receptor 1-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cell line. PloS one, 11(4), e0152652.
- Mansilla, S., Priebe, W., & Portugal, J. (2006). Mitotic catastrophe results in cell death by caspase-dependent and caspase-independent mechanisms. Cell cycle Georgetown Tex, 5 (1), 53-60.
- Pearson, J., & Brownlee, I. A. (2005). A surface and function of mucosal surface. Colonization of the mucosal surface, Nataro JP.
- Sadakane, Y., Konoha, K., Nagata, T., & Kawahara, M. (2007). Protective activity of the extracts from Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) against zinc-induced neuronal cell death: Carnosine and an unknown substance. Trace Nutr. Res, 24, 98-105.
- Villarroel, F., Bastías, A., Casado, A., Amthauer, R., & Concha, M. I. (2007). Apolipoprotein AI, an antimicrobial protein in Oncorhynchus mykiss: evaluation of its expression in primary defence barriers and plasma levels in sick and healthy fish. Fish & shellfish immunology, 23(1), 197-209.
References
Abdullah, A. S. H., Mohammed, A. S., Rasedee, A., Mirghani, M. E. S., & Al-Qubaisi, M. S. (2015). Induction of apoptosis and oxidative stress in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, MDA-MB231 cells, by ethanolic mango seed extract. BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 15(1), 45.
Bragadeeswaran, S., & Thangaraj, S. (2011). Hemolytic and antibacterial studies on skin mucus of eel fish, Anguilla anguilla Linnaues, 1758. Asian J. Biol. Sci, 4, 272-276.
Chang, H. Y., & Yang, X. (2000). Proteases for cell suicide: functions and regulation of caspases. Microbiology and molecular biology reviews, 64(4), 821-846.
Cheng, H., Guo, Y., Yu, Q., & Zhou, R. (2003). The rice field eel as a model system for vertebrate sexual development. Cytogenetic and genome research, 101(3-4), 274-277.
Eriksson, D., Riklund, K., Johansson, L., & Stigbrand, T. (2008). Radiation Induced Cell Deaths. In Stigbrand T., Carlsson J. and Adams G. P. (Eds.). Targeted Radionuclide Tumour Therapy (pp. 215-248), Springer.
Fadok, V. A., Bratton, D. L., Rose, D. M., Pearson, A., Ezekewitz, R. A., & Henson, P. M. (2000). A receptor for phosphatidylserine-specific clearance of apoptotic cells. Nature, 405 (6782), 85-90.
Fan, T.-J., Han, L.-H., Cong, R.-S., & Liang, J. (2005). Caspase Family Proteases and Apoptosis. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica, 37 (11), 719-727.
Hu, H., Jiang, C., Ip, C., Rustum, Y. M., & Lü, J. (2005). Methylseleninic acid potentiates apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Clinical cancer research, 11(6), 2379-2388.
Kawasaki, H., & Iwamuro, S. (2008). Potential roles of histones in host defense as antimicrobial agents. Infectious Disorders-Drug Targets (Formerly Current Drug Targets-Infectious Disorders), 8(3), 195-205.
Leong, K. H., Looi, C. Y., Loong, X. M., Cheah, F. K., Supratman, U., Litaudon, M., ... & Awang, K. (2016). Cycloart-24-ene-26-ol-3-one, a new Cycloartane isolated from leaves of Aglaia Exima triggers tumour necrosis factor-receptor 1-mediated caspase-dependent apoptosis in colon cancer cell line. PloS one, 11(4), e0152652.
Mansilla, S., Priebe, W., & Portugal, J. (2006). Mitotic catastrophe results in cell death by caspase-dependent and caspase-independent mechanisms. Cell cycle Georgetown Tex, 5 (1), 53-60.
Pearson, J., & Brownlee, I. A. (2005). A surface and function of mucosal surface. Colonization of the mucosal surface, Nataro JP.
Sadakane, Y., Konoha, K., Nagata, T., & Kawahara, M. (2007). Protective activity of the extracts from Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) against zinc-induced neuronal cell death: Carnosine and an unknown substance. Trace Nutr. Res, 24, 98-105.
Villarroel, F., Bastías, A., Casado, A., Amthauer, R., & Concha, M. I. (2007). Apolipoprotein AI, an antimicrobial protein in Oncorhynchus mykiss: evaluation of its expression in primary defence barriers and plasma levels in sick and healthy fish. Fish & shellfish immunology, 23(1), 197-209.