Rusbult’s Investment Model Validity for Explaining Remaining in Abusive Relationship for Sample of Jordanian Abused Women

Jalal K. Damra

doi:10.53543/jeps.vol14iss1pp146-164

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Feb 3, 2020

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Feb 11, 2020

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Abstract

This study aimed to explore Caryl Rusbult’s model validity for explaining women remaining in an abusive relationship for available sample of 35 Jordanian abused women and living in the abusive relationship who are contacting the women and child health center in Prince Faisal Hospital. The World Health Organization (WHO) Domestic Violence (DV) scale and Rusbult’s Investment Model Scale (IMS) were used. The results revealed low levels of Marriage Satisfaction (MS) and Quality of Alternatives (QA). Moderate levels of Relationship Investment size (RI) and Marriage Commitment (MC) were found. The result also indicated that there were not significant statistical differences between the IMS scale dimensions (MS, RI and QA) and women's commitment in relationship variable. The results indicated the validity of the investment model to be applied to Jordanian culture.

Keywords

Investment model of commitment violence against women.

References

بنات، سهيلة (2004). أثر التدرب على مهارات الإتصال ومهارات حل المشكلات في تحسين تقدير الذات والتكيف لدى النساء المعنفات وخفض مستويات العنف الأسري، رسالة دكتوراه، الجامعة الأردنية، 2004.
ضمرة، جلال، غباري، ثائر (2015). مستويات ضغط ما بعد الصدمة لدى عينة من ضحايا العنف الأسري من النساء المعنفات في ضوء عدة متغيرات. مجلة العلوم التربوية والنفسية،16 (1)، 237-266.
المجلس الوطني لشؤون الأسرة ( 2005 ). العنف الأسري في الأردن : المعرفة والاتجاهات والواقع، تقرير اولي، منشورات المجلس الوطني لشؤون الأسرة، 43-44.
مصطفى، نورا (2006). أعراض الضغط النفسي واستراتيجيات التكيف لدى النساء المعنفات وغير المغنفات، رسالة ماجستير، الجامعة الأردنية.
الإعلان العالمي لمناهضة كافة اشكال العنف ضد المرأة (1993). الأمم المتحدة، حقوق الانسان.
https://www.ohchr.org/AR/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/ViolenceAgainstWomen.aspx
Al-Nsour, M., Khawaja, M. & Al-Kayyali, G. (2009). Domestic Violence against women in Jordan: Evidence from health clinics. Journal of Family Violence, 24(8), 569-575.
Bell, K., & Naugle, A. (2005). Understanding stay/leave decisions in violent relationships: A behavior analytic approach. Behavior and Social Issues, 14, 21-45
Benjamin, L., Tsui-Feng, W., & Meifen, W. (2012). Attachment and the investment model: Predictorsof relationship commitment, maintenance, and persistence. The Journal of Personal Relationships, 20(3), 546–567.
Clark, C. J., Bloom. D. E., Hill. A. G., & Silverman. J .G. (2009). Prevalence estimate of Intimate partner violence in Jordan. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 15(4), 880-889. Retrieved from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/117710/1/15_4_2009_0880_0889.pdf?ua=1
Collins, R. Logan. (2011). College females’ decision to stay or leave an abusive relationship: A test of the investment
model. Master thesis. University of North Carolina at Greensboro. 2001. Retrieved from: https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/Collins_uncg_0154M_10437.pdf
Damra, J., Abujulban, S., Rock, M., Ghbari, T., Tawalbeh, E., & Ghaith, S. ( 2015). Pregnant Women's experiences of Intimate partner violence and seeking help from health care professionals: A Jordanian Qualitative Study. Family Violence Journal, 30(6), 807-816.
Dare, B., Guadagno, R., & Muscanell, N. (2013). Commitment: The Key to women staying in Abusive relationships. Journal of Interpersonal Relations, Intergroup Relations and Identity, 6, 47-54.
Darwazia, N. (2008). Violence against women assessing the situation in Jordan, UNFPA annual report, United Nation.
Eckstein, J. J. (2011). Reasons for staying in intimately violent relationships: Comparisons of men and women and messages communicated to self and others. Journal of Family Violence, 26, 21-30.
Enander, V. (2010). A fool to keep staying: Battered women labeling themselves stupid as an expression of gendered shame. Violence against Women, 16, 5-31.
Freedman, J., & Fraser, S. (1966). Compliance without pressure: The foot-in-the-door technique. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 2, 155-202. Retrieved from: http://www.bulidomics.com/w/images/6/6c/Freedman_fraser_footinthedoor_jpsp1966.pdf
Garcia-Moreno. C., Jansen, H.A., Ellsberg. M., Heise, L., & Watts, C. H; WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women Study Team. (2005). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence. Lancet. 2006 Oct 7; 368 (9543):1260-9.
Griffing, S., Lewis, C., Chu, M., Sage, R., Madry, L., &Primm, B. (2006). Exposure to Interpersonal violence as a predictor of PTSD symptomatology in domestic violence survivors. The Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 936-954.
Impett, E., Beals, K., & Peplau, L. (2001). Testing the investment model of relationship commitment and stability in a longitudinal study of married couples. Current Psychology, 20(4), 312–326.
Kim, J., & Gray, K. (2008). Leave or Stay? Battered Women’s Decision after Intimate Partner Violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(10). 1465-1482.
Lewis, S. F., &Fremouw, W. (2001). Dating violence: A critical review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(1), 105-127.
Rhatigan, D., Axsom, D. (2006). Using the investment model to understand battered women’s commitment to abusive relationships. Journal of Family Violence, 21(2), 153-162.
Rusbult, C., Martz, J. (1995). Remaining in an abusive relationship: An Investment model analysis of nonvoluntary dependence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(6), 558-571.
Rusbult, C. E. (1980). Commitment and satisfaction in romantic associations: Atest of theinvestment model. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 172-186.
Rusbult, C., Martz, J., &Agnew, C. (1998).The investment model scale: measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Personal Relationships, 5, 357-391.
Short, L. M., McMahon, P. M., Davis Chervin, D., Shelley, G. A., Lezin, N., Sloop, K. S., et al. (2000). Survivors' identification of protective factors and early warning signs for intimate partner violence. Violence against Women, 6(3), 272-285
Tariq, Q. (2013). Reasons for Pakistani women to stay/leave an abusive relation. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4 (6), 715-727.
WHO. (2002). World report on violence and health: summary. World Health Organization Geneva 2002. Retrieved from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/9241545615.pdf

References

بنات، سهيلة (2004). أثر التدرب على مهارات الإتصال ومهارات حل المشكلات في تحسين تقدير الذات والتكيف لدى النساء المعنفات وخفض مستويات العنف الأسري، رسالة دكتوراه، الجامعة الأردنية، 2004.

ضمرة، جلال، غباري، ثائر (2015). مستويات ضغط ما بعد الصدمة لدى عينة من ضحايا العنف الأسري من النساء المعنفات في ضوء عدة متغيرات. مجلة العلوم التربوية والنفسية،16 (1)، 237-266.

المجلس الوطني لشؤون الأسرة ( 2005 ). العنف الأسري في الأردن : المعرفة والاتجاهات والواقع، تقرير اولي، منشورات المجلس الوطني لشؤون الأسرة، 43-44.

مصطفى، نورا (2006). أعراض الضغط النفسي واستراتيجيات التكيف لدى النساء المعنفات وغير المغنفات، رسالة ماجستير، الجامعة الأردنية.

الإعلان العالمي لمناهضة كافة اشكال العنف ضد المرأة (1993). الأمم المتحدة، حقوق الانسان.

https://www.ohchr.org/AR/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/ViolenceAgainstWomen.aspx

Al-Nsour, M., Khawaja, M. & Al-Kayyali, G. (2009). Domestic Violence against women in Jordan: Evidence from health clinics. Journal of Family Violence, 24(8), 569-575.

Bell, K., & Naugle, A. (2005). Understanding stay/leave decisions in violent relationships: A behavior analytic approach. Behavior and Social Issues, 14, 21-45

Benjamin, L., Tsui-Feng, W., & Meifen, W. (2012). Attachment and the investment model: Predictorsof relationship commitment, maintenance, and persistence. The Journal of Personal Relationships, 20(3), 546–567.

Clark, C. J., Bloom. D. E., Hill. A. G., & Silverman. J .G. (2009). Prevalence estimate of Intimate partner violence in Jordan. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 15(4), 880-889. Retrieved from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/117710/1/15_4_2009_0880_0889.pdf?ua=1

Collins, R. Logan. (2011). College females’ decision to stay or leave an abusive relationship: A test of the investment

model. Master thesis. University of North Carolina at Greensboro. 2001. Retrieved from: https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/f/Collins_uncg_0154M_10437.pdf

Damra, J., Abujulban, S., Rock, M., Ghbari, T., Tawalbeh, E., & Ghaith, S. ( 2015). Pregnant Women's experiences of Intimate partner violence and seeking help from health care professionals: A Jordanian Qualitative Study. Family Violence Journal, 30(6), 807-816.

Dare, B., Guadagno, R., & Muscanell, N. (2013). Commitment: The Key to women staying in Abusive relationships. Journal of Interpersonal Relations, Intergroup Relations and Identity, 6, 47-54.

Darwazia, N. (2008). Violence against women assessing the situation in Jordan, UNFPA annual report, United Nation.

Eckstein, J. J. (2011). Reasons for staying in intimately violent relationships: Comparisons of men and women and messages communicated to self and others. Journal of Family Violence, 26, 21-30.

Enander, V. (2010). A fool to keep staying: Battered women labeling themselves stupid as an expression of gendered shame. Violence against Women, 16, 5-31.

Freedman, J., & Fraser, S. (1966). Compliance without pressure: The foot-in-the-door technique. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 4, 2, 155-202. Retrieved from: http://www.bulidomics.com/w/images/6/6c/Freedman_fraser_footinthedoor_jpsp1966.pdf

Garcia-Moreno. C., Jansen, H.A., Ellsberg. M., Heise, L., & Watts, C. H; WHO Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence against Women Study Team. (2005). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence. Lancet. 2006 Oct 7; 368 (9543):1260-9.

Griffing, S., Lewis, C., Chu, M., Sage, R., Madry, L., &Primm, B. (2006). Exposure to Interpersonal violence as a predictor of PTSD symptomatology in domestic violence survivors. The Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21, 936-954.

Impett, E., Beals, K., & Peplau, L. (2001). Testing the investment model of relationship commitment and stability in a longitudinal study of married couples. Current Psychology, 20(4), 312–326.

Kim, J., & Gray, K. (2008). Leave or Stay? Battered Women’s Decision after Intimate Partner Violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23(10). 1465-1482.

Lewis, S. F., &Fremouw, W. (2001). Dating violence: A critical review of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 21(1), 105-127.

Rhatigan, D., Axsom, D. (2006). Using the investment model to understand battered women’s commitment to abusive relationships. Journal of Family Violence, 21(2), 153-162.

Rusbult, C., Martz, J. (1995). Remaining in an abusive relationship: An Investment model analysis of nonvoluntary dependence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(6), 558-571.

Rusbult, C. E. (1980). Commitment and satisfaction in romantic associations: Atest of theinvestment model. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16, 172-186.

Rusbult, C., Martz, J., &Agnew, C. (1998).The investment model scale: measuring commitment level, satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Personal Relationships, 5, 357-391.

Short, L. M., McMahon, P. M., Davis Chervin, D., Shelley, G. A., Lezin, N., Sloop, K. S., et al. (2000). Survivors' identification of protective factors and early warning signs for intimate partner violence. Violence against Women, 6(3), 272-285

Tariq, Q. (2013). Reasons for Pakistani women to stay/leave an abusive relation. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 4 (6), 715-727.

WHO. (2002). World report on violence and health: summary. World Health Organization Geneva 2002. Retrieved from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2002/9241545615.pdf

Rusbult’s Investment Model Validity for Explaining Remaining in Abusive Relationship for Sample of Jordanian Abused Women

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