Successful Management of Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis in a Child with Acute-on-Chronic Kidney Disease and Malnutrition: Case report and literature review

Abstract

Mucormycosis is a very rare fungal infection in children. It is caused by opportunistic fungi and mainly affects immunocompromised patients. Early diagnosis is very important for a good outcome. Successful management requires the reversal of the underlying predisposing risk factors, surgical debridement and prompt administration of active antifungal agents, with liposomal amphotericin B being the first-line therapy. This case, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is the first rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis to be reported on among Omani children. We highlight the importance of early diagnosis and prompt surgical and medical interventions in achieving a satisfactory outcome and review the published literature in regard to the management.

Keywords: Mucormycosis; Sinusitis; Proptosis; Liposomal amphotericin B; Rhizopus; Posaconazole; Malnutrition; Oman.